We evaluated the recurrence after radical and partial nephrectomy in patients with RENAL nephrometry score [RENAL] ≥ 10. A total of 474 patients (radical nephrectomy [RN, n = 236] & partial nephrectomy [PN, n = 238]) in a single tertiary referral institution from December 2003 to December 2019 were assessed. Functional outcomes, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate changes, relapse pattern, recurrence-free survival (RFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using propensity score-matched analysis. The predictors of recurrence and survival were assessed by Cox-regression analysis. 44 patients in the RN group and 88 in the PN group were included without significant differences in preoperative clinical factors after matching. The PN patients achieved significantly higher renal function preservation rates (p < 0.001). There were five recurrences in RN and six in PN. The PN patients revealed 5-year RFS rate (86.8%), 5-year CSS rate (98.5%), and 5-year OS rate (98.5%) comparable to the RN patients (RFS: 88.7% [p = 0.780], CSS: 96.7% [p = 0.375], and OS: 94.3% [p = 0.248]). Patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 23 had lower 5-year RFS rates (85.5%) and OS rates (95.6%) than those with BMI < 23 (RFS: 90.0% [p = 0.195], OS: 100% [p = 0.117]) without significance. The significant predictor of recurrence was the pathologic T stage (hazard ratio [HR] 3.99, 95% confidence [CI] 1.10–14.50, p = 0.036). The significant predictor of death was the R domain of the RENAL (HR 3.80, 95% CI 1.03–14.11, p = 0.046). PN, if technically feasible, could be considered to preserve renal function in patients with RENAL ≥ 10. Nonetheless, PN needs to be implemented with caution in some patients due to the higher potentiality for recurrence and poor survival.
The purpose of this paper is to develop a lightweight automotive seat back frame structure using CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic). The shape of CFRP seat back frame was determined so that its manufacturing could be performed in a single process without additional fastening. Three different kinds of analyses were performed to confirm that CFRP seat frame could satisfy FMVSS (Federal Motor Vehicle Safely Standards) requirements. The results of finite element analyses showed that its maximum stresses were 51.1 to 95.5 % of those of steel seat frame structure. Its mass was 56.2% of that of steel seat back frame. CFRP seat frame can provide better fuel economy as well as improved safety.
Background and ObjectivesThe ubiquitin-proteasome system is the major intracellular protein degradation pathway in the eukaryotic cells. Bortezomib inhibits 26S proteasome-induced I-κBα degradation and suppresses nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation. We examined the effect of bortezomib on neointima formation after of a rat carotid artery balloon injury.Materials and MethodsAfter carotid artery balloon denudation, bortezomib was immediately administered by tail vein injection (systemic treatment) and by using an F-127 pluronic gel (perivascular treatment). Two weeks after the injury, we compared the degree of neointima formation in the carotid artery and the tissue expression patterns of NF-κB and I-κBα.ResultsThe systemic treatment group exhibited a 29% reduction in neointima volume at two weeks after the balloon injury. On the western blot analysis, the bortezomib group exhibited an increased I-κBα expression, which suggested the inhibition of I-κBα degradation. On immunofluorescence analysis, the nuclear import of NF-κB was clearly decreased in the systemic bortezomib group. The perivascular bortezomib treatment group exhibited a significant reduction in the neointimal area (0.21±0.06 mm2 vs. 0.06±0.01 mm2, p<0.05), the neointima/media area ratio (1.43±0.72 vs. 0.47±0.16, p<0.05) and the % area stenosis (45.5±0.72% vs. 14.5±0.05%, p<0.05) compared with the control group. In situ vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation at 2 days after the injury was significantly inhibited (24.7±10.9% vs. 10.7±4.7%, p<0.05).ConclusionBortezomib suppressed NF-κB activation through the inhibition of I-κBα degradation, and significantly reduced neointima formation in a rat carotid artery injury model. These data suggested that bortezomib represented a new potent therapeutic agent for the prevention of restenosis.
Durability and reliability must be considered in the design of structural components. For this purpose, the failure probability is found using probabilistic analysis. A component in an automotive structure usually has many different designs depending on vehicle models. Even in the same vehicle model, the design of the component changes once in a few years. It is important to build up database so that engineers share knowledge in the design of components. The purpose of this study is to develop ontologies in the probabilistic analysis of structures. The ontologies can be used to capture and share knowledge for design process. They also help engineers make decisions on choosing appropriate software and algorithm for the probabilistic analysis of structures.
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