Considering the proliferation of free trade agreements (FTAs) worldwide, this study develops and empirically tests a conceptual model to explain the impact of CEO attitudes on the intention of exporting firms to utilize FTA preferential tariffs. Based on a survey of 221 exporting small and medium-sized enterprises in South Korea, this study employed partial least squares structural equation modelling to test the hypotheses. Results show that perceived usefulness and organizational learning partially mediate the relationship between CEO attitudes and intention to use FTA schemes. This study deepens our understanding on the firm's internal process for utilizing FTA preferential tariffs.
This study examines the relationship between exchange rates and South Korea's trade flows considering invoicing currencies in line with the dominant currency paradigm. We use the trade weight data of South Korea's total and bilateral trade with its major trading partners. Our analysis of the elasticities of South Korea's trade with respect to bilateral exchange rates shows that a strong US dollar-the dominant invoiced currency-is associated with a decline in South Korea's imports, regardless of the country of origin. We also show that the Japanese yen, as the other dominant invoicing currency in bilateral trade between South Korea and Japan, has a similar effect to that of the US dollar. In addition, fluctuations in the invoicing share of dominant currencies improve the statistical significance of the effect of exchange rate changes. We also report the results at the sectoral level.Overall, our results are consistent with the dominant currency paradigm. Finally, according to the South Korea pass-through results, which show that US dollar rate fluctuations affect both import and consumer prices immediately, South Korean importers seem to react quickly by changing trade quantities and domestic sales prices. K E Y W O R D S bilateral trade, dominant currency, exchange rate pass-through, invoicing currency, open macro-economy, South Korea, trade elasticity 2 Casas et al. (2017) also present their global study.
Although traditional trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas have been significantly eliminated with the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the expansion of regional trade agreements (RTAs), the effects of trade liberalization have been greatly impeded by the abuse of anti-dumping measures. Therefore, many countries have introduced various WTO-plus provisions to strengthen the procedural and substantive requirements for the imposition of anti-dumping duties in their RTAs. This study examined anti-dumping provisions included in 320 RTAs in effect and quantified the degree to which anti-dumping measures are restricted in RTAs using a newly developed Anti-dumping Restrictiveness Index. In addition, an exploratory analysis was conducted to identify the factors that influence the restriction of anti-dumping measures in RTAs using the index as the dependent variable. Since the 2000s, there has been a growing movement to restrict anti-dumping measures in RTAs, and it has been noted that various WTO-plus rules have been introduced to enhance the transparency of the investigation process. The results of the regression analysis showed that the degree of integration, the size of regional trade, the members' level in economic development, the frequency of anti-dumping measures, and the regional characteristics have an influence on the restriction of anti-dumping measures in RTAs.
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