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The strength of association between the body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) varies with population and time. Therefore, identifying the trends in BMI-BP association in adolescents can help predict the upcoming metabolic and cardiovascular disease burden. For this reason, from physical examination data collected from 2003 to 2017, a total of 5,133,246 Korean men aged 19 years were assessed for the annual trends and changes in the BMI-BP association. During the 15-year period, the mean BMI increased from 22.5 to 23.5 kg/m2, and the prevalence of obesity increased from 16.7 to 21.4%. Meanwhile, the mean systolic BP (SBP) decreased from 122.8 to 122.3 mmHg in the first year and gradually increased to 125.9 mmHg afterward. The diastolic BP (DBP) decreased from 71.5 to 70.0 mmHg in the first 4 years and then rose to 74.8 mmHg in the following years. The association analysis between BMI and SBP resulted in an annual increase in the correlation coefficient (SBP: 0.257–0.495, DBP: 0.164–0.413). The regression coefficient similarly increased between 2003 and 2015 but slightly decreased between 2015 and 2017 (SBP: 0.896–1.569, DBP: 0.405–0.861). The BMI-BP association increased over time (coefficient of the interaction term > 0, P < 0.001). Moreover, as the BMI increased, the annual increase in BP and BP per unit BMI also increased. In conclusion, this study emphasized a continuous shift towards obesity in BMI distribution and intensifying BMI-BP association over time in young men. Further research on factors affecting this BMI-BP association is needed to fully validate the potential applications of this hypothesis.

We investigate whether the association between tax avoidance and over‐investment is moderated by a firm's information environment. Prior research (Blaylock, 2016) finds no association between tax avoidance and over‐investment, but the study did not consider the impact of financial reporting quality (FRQ). It seems likely that FRQ is a moderating variable because Balakrishnan, Blouin, and Guay (2012) find that a firm's information environment is affected by tax planning while Biddle and Hilary (2006) find that FRQ is negatively associated with investment. We find that tax avoidance is positively associated with over‐investment when the information environment is weak, and that having a richer information environment mitigates this association. Our results are robust across multiple measures of tax avoidance and multiple proxies for the quality of the information environment. In addition, our results hold after propensity score matching, controlling for governance and the firm's internal resources, partitioning on managerial ability, and in a change analysis. These findings highlight the important role of financial information in corporate investment behavior and enhance our understanding of the link between tax avoidance and agency costs.