Abstract. Mahulette AS, Alfian A, Suyadi, Supriyanto, Situmorang J, Matatula AJ, Kilkoda AK, Nendissa JI, Wattimena AY. 2022. Type and morphological character of local clove (Syzygium aromaticum) from Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1301-1309. Maluku Islands are known as the origin for the distribution of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum L.) in the world, where the diversity of clove germplasm is high. So far, information on the diversity of local clove morphology in Maluku is still very limited. The study was aimed to characterize the morphological diversity of local clove accessions in Maluku. The study was conducted in three distribution areas in Maluku, namely Ambon Island, Seram Island, and Haruku Island. Characterization was carried out on 130 local clove accessions of Maluku based on 32 morphological characters. The exploration identified nine types of cloves, namely Tuni, Forest Clove, Raja, Boiselang, Zanzibar, Bogor, Jinten, Tae, Damar, and three variants of Forest Clove, two variants of Raja, and two variants Zanzibar. Forest cloves, Raja, Boiselang Jinten, Tae, Damar are classified as wild-type cloves, while Tuni, Zanzibar and Bogor cloves are classified as cultivated cloves. The Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) obtained 2 large groups of local cloves with 57% agro-morphological differences. The first group is Forest Clove and Boiselang, while the second group is other local clove accessions (Tuni, Jinten, Red Zanzibar, White Zanzibar, Bogor, Damar, Tae, and Raja). The Principle Component Analysis (PCA) shows a total diversity of 66.7% with 4 characters based on grouping. These cloves are also categorized into wild type, cultivated, aromatic, and non-aromatic types.
Aquilaria spp produced agarwood as nonwood forest production, and has high economic value. A. malaccensis is susceptible to white rot diseases and termites. On the other hand most of the community plantations are a mixed culture with rubber trees, oil palms and with high risk of contamination causing white root diseases. Besides that, vegetative propagation by cuttings, stumping or air layering are still very diffi cult with low percentage of growth. Th e objectives of this research were to analyze the best suitable micrograft type, changes of SDS-PAGE protein band patterns of compatible and incompatible micrografts with several combinations of gaharu planlets in in vitro condition, and histology of union area between rootstocks and scion. Th e results showed that wedge or V type was the best of the micrografs. MS medium with the addition of 3 mg/L IBA was the best medium for gaharu planlet growth after micrografting. Acclimatization was conducted in husk chacoal and top soil (1:1) medium and grown under plastic house of 70% shading with paranet. Compatible combination (Ac/Am) of micrografting showed that anatomy structure of union area is the same as anatomy structure of non micrograftd planlet. While incompatible (Gv/Am) micrografting produced necrotic layer growth from pith and parenchymateous tissues of the wood in union area along the middle of radial shoot. Recovery period of union area between stocks and scion is initiated by callus formation from the pith and parenchymatous tissues of the wood. Callus will diff erentiate into mature cells or tissue and become combined phloem and xylem vessels between rootstocks and scion. SDS-PAGE protein band pattern on compatible combination was the same as plants originated from seedlings. While, incompatible combination produced new protein bands with molecular weight around 21 and 30 kD.
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