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Increasing demands for healthy and eco-friendly products and processes concerned with animal well-being have stimulated consumer interest in pasture finishing systems for lambs (Jacques, Berthiaume, & Cinq-Marsa, 2011). This feeding system affects animal growth rate, carcass weight and yield, muscle: fat ratio, and meat lipid profile, which can reflect in sensorial characteristics such as flavor, odor, and softness (Carrasco et al., 2009). Blackburn, Snowder, and Glimp (1991) reported lower amounts of fat in the meat of exclusively pasture-raised lambs compared to animals submitted to concentrate-based diets, being an attractive attribute for consumers. However, the meat industry is interested in heavy carcasses of young animals with good musculature, providing good cut yield and a minimum fat layer to protect carcasses while in cold storage. Tropical pasture exclusive feeding, such as Brachiaria spp.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito dos resíduos da extração hidroalcoólica de própolis dos tipos verde e marrom sobre o desenvolvimento de bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas. As própolis brutas foram adquiridas da apicultura “Companhia da Abelha”, instalada em Contagem, Minas Gerais. A própolis verde foi derivada de “alecrim-do-campo” (Baccharis dracunculifolia), e a própolis marrom foi derivada de “alecrim-do-campo” (B. dracunculifolia) e “assa-peixe” (Vernonia polyanthes). Foram usados cinco níveis de inclusão (0; 0,625; 0,125; 0,25; 0,5g) dos resíduos, além do controle para o inóculo (CI), e seis amostras bacterianas, sendo duas delas Gram-positivas e quatro Gram-negativas. O método utilizado foi o de contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias em placas de petri (pour plate). Entre as bactérias Gram-positivas, o maior efeito inibidor foi detectado para amostras de Staphylococcus aureus, e maior susceptibilidade foi para a Escherichia coli dentre as Gram-negativas. Houve efeito antimicrobiano do resíduo da extração da própolis verde sobre as bactérias S. aureus e S. intermedius. O resíduo da extração da própolis marrom apresentou maior inibição para S. intermedius somente nos tratamentos com 0,5 e 0,25g de resíduo. Não houve efeito do resíduo da extração de própolis verde ou marrom sobre o crescimento de bactérias gênero Pseudomonas. Os resíduos da extração hidroalcoólica de própolis verde e marrom atuaram como inibidores de crescimento das bactérias Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius e Escherichia coli, e em menor grau para Salmonella e Klebsiella. O resíduo tem maior efeito inibidor em bactérias Gram-positivas.

-The present study tested brown propolis in crude or extract form as a feed supplement for feedlot lambs to identify the type that most improves in vivo nutrient digestibility. Digestibility was assessed by both total fecal collection and internal markers and the results obtained by these techniques were compared. The completely randomized design was used to compare feed intake and nutrient digestibility of 24 male lambs aged seven months among four dietary treatments (crude brown propolis, propolis ethanol extract, monensin sodium, and control). Methods of feces collection were compared using a completely randomized split-plot design, with experimental diets corresponding to the main factor and the methods to estimate fecal production as the sub-factor. The diets had a roughage:concentrate ratio of 50:50, with Tifton-85 bermudagrass hay (Cynodon spp.) as roughage, and ground corn, soybean meal and minerals as concentrate. The lambs fed diets with crude propolis had higher feed intake than those fed diets containing monensin sodium. The different diets did not affect dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, or acid detergent fiber digestibility, but crude propolis supplementation provided higher ether extract digestibility than monensin sodium. Nutrient digestibility, as indicated by indigestible neutral detergent fiber, indigestible acid detergent fiber and sequentially-determined indigestible acid detergent fiber, was lower than that found with the fecal collection method. The addition of brown propolis has the same effect as monensin, but neither maximized nutrient availability in the diet of feedlot lambs at 7 months of age. Digestibility assessment using the internal markers indigestible neutral detergent fiber, indigestible acid detergent fiber and sequentially-determined indigestible acid detergent fiber is not an efficient method compared with total feces collection.