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This paper proposes a method for comparing and evaluating anti-windup proportional-integral (PI) control strategies. The so-called PI plane is used and its coordinate is composed of the error and the integral state. In addition, an anti-windup PI controller with integral state prediction is proposed. The anti-windup scheme can be easily analyzed and evaluated on the PI plane in detail. Representative anti-windup methods are experimentally applied to the speed control of a vector-controlled induction motor driven by a pulse width modulated (PWM) voltage-source inverter (VSI). The experimental results compare the anti-windup PI controllers. It is empathized that the initial value of the integral state at the beginning of the linear range dominates the control performance in terms of overshoot and settling time.

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Detailed morphological documentation in LM and SEM is provided for Proschkinia taxa, including the generitype P. bulnheimii and P. complanata, P. complanatula, P. complanatoides and P. hyalosirella, as well as six new species. All established taxa are characterized from original material from historical collections. The new species described in this paper-P. luticola, P. staurospeciosa, P. impar, P. modesta, P. fistulispectabilis and P. rosowskiiwere isolated from from the Western Pacific (Yellow Sea coast of Korea) and across the Atlantic (Scottish and Texas coasts). Thorough documentation of the frustule, valve and protoplast architecture revealed the revealed the combination of characters diagnostic of the genus Proschkinia: a single lobed chloroplast, girdle composed of U-shaped, perforated bands, the position of the conopeate raphe-sternum relative to the external and internal valve surface, and the presence of an occluded process through the valve, termed the "fistula". Five strains of Proschkinia were harvested for DNA and sequenced for nuclear ribosomal SSU and plastid-encoded rbcL. Phylogenetic analysis recovered a clade of Proschkinia with Fistulifera, another fistula-bearing diatom genus, and these were sister to a clade formed of the Stauroneidaceae; in turn, all these were sister to a clade composed of Parlibellus and data from two monoraphid genera Astartiella and Schizostauron. Despite morphological similarities between Proschkinia and the Naviculaceae (Navicula, Haslea), these two taxa are distant in our analysis. We documented the morphology of Proschkinia, including variability in fistula, suggesting that fistula ultrastructure might be the key feature for species identification within the genus.

We obtained the complete mitogenome of Proschkinia sp. strain SZCZR1824, a strain belonging to a poorly known diatom genus with no previous molecular data. This genome is 48,863 bp long, with two group I introns in rnl and three group II introns in cox1. Using mitogenomic data, Proschkinia sp. was recovered with Fistulifera solaris, far distant from Navicula and Nitzschia, two genera with which Proschkinia has sometimes been associated based on morphology.

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