Articles you may be interested inSpace-time phase transitions in the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process AIP Conf.The concepts of A-symmetry and local reflectability in space-times are introduced which are weaker conditions than the reflecting condition. Using these concepts, some characterizations for total viciousness are given. It is shown that any locally reflecting space-time with a closed timelike curve is totally vicious. Also, it is shown that any compact homogeneous space-time is totally vicious.
The dc-plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition method has been used to synthesize diamond films. Thermal diffusivity of these films has been measured in 120–800 K with a modified Angstrom method. Phonon scattering processes are considered to analyze thermal conductivity with the full Callaway model. In analysis, microstructure of grain boundaries and extended defect concentration give significant effects to the mean free path of phonons in low temperatures. At high temperatures, the thermal conductivity is governed by the intrinsic thermal resistive process, the umkalpp process. Thermal conductivity of the films above 500 K is shown to close to a recent measurement of natural diamond. This supports that the crystal structure of the films is not different with the bulk diamond.
The effect of annealing on the microstructure and magnetostriction of Tb 0.3 Dy 0.7 Fe y for 1.4 ≤ y ≤ 1.7 was investigated. As the y value decreased, the volume fraction of the eutectic phase increased and this phase leaked out from a sample during annealing above the eutectic temperature, which significantly changed the magnetostrictive properties. We compare the effects of leakage of the eutectic phase and annealing on the magnetostriction and discuss the reasons. 1 Introduction Since Tb-Dy-Fe alloy has a giant magnetostriction at room temperature and produces comparable strains at considerably lower magnetic fields, these outstanding properties have offered a great potential for a variety of transducer and actuator applications [1].It has been considered that heat treatment of Tb-Dy-Fe alloy above the eutectic temperature significantly improved the magnetostrictive properties, because it relieved or redistributed the residual stresses of the as-grown specimens by localized melting near the eutectic phase and thereby either reduced the pinning of the domain walls or enhanced the rotation of the domain moments [2]. Thus, heat treatment has been regarded as an important process for optimizing the magnetostrictive properties of Tb-Dy-Fe alloy.However, as the volume fraction of the eutectic phase (VOE) was increased up to 10%, this phase leaked out from the specimens during heat treatment and this behavior affected the magnetostrictive properties as much as stress relief did. Our previous work [3] showed that the magnetostriction increased with an increase of the y value in as-grown Tb 0.3 Dy 0.7 Fe y specimens; on the contrary, the increase rate of the magnetostriction decreased as the y value increased after heat treatment. This means that the effectiveness of heat treatment was improved as the volume fraction of the eutectic phase increased and this enhancement was merely estimated due to an increase in the volume fraction of R(Tb 0.3 Dy 0.7 )Fe 2 phase by leaking out of the eutectic liquid phase during annealing. But, it is not sufficient to explain this effect and further study is required. Therefore, we investigated the amount of leaked eutectic phase during annealing with different VOEs and discuss the relationship between this behavior and the magnetostriction. In addition, the effect of leakage of the eutectic phase was compared with the annealing effect on the magnetostrictive properties.
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