Abstract:A new technology for integrated processing of gold-bearing antimony ores has been developed in order to solve certain problems in the gold-mining industry. The technology based on vacuum-thermal processes allows not only extraction of gold but also production of associated materials-antimony sulfide (Sb 2 S 3 ) and metallic antimony (Sb). The paper presents theoretical as well as applied research. Kinetics of the process of antimony sulfide extraction from the ores was studied for different fractions. Optimal conditions for obtaining of Sb 2 S 3 were determined. The resulting product was a high-purity metallic Sb (~99.2 mass%). For extraction of gold from a cinder of vacuum-thermal processing of a concentrate, along with a thiourea method, the ecologically pure electrochemical method of our elaboration has been used. The effect of main technological parameters on the process of electrochemical leaching of the residues has been studied in the presence of gold complex former-thiourea in chloride system and optimal conditions of leaching were established providing the gold extraction from gold-containing residues by 82-90% in the conditions of so-called "soft" oxidation without release of molecular chlorine at the anode and eco-contamination.
Metal borides and carbides, TiB2/TiC and ZrB2/ZrC are widely used nanostructured composite materials. A detailed thermodynamic analysis was performed to determine the formation conditions of titanium and zirconium borides and carbides in the Ti-B-O-C and Zr-B-O-C systems. The complete thermodynamic analysis was carried out in vacuum for the reactions 2TiO2 + B2O3 + 8C = TiB2 + TiC + 7CO and 2ZrO2 + B2O3 + 8C = ZrB2 + ZrC + 7СО. On the basis of the theoretically found results, experimental synthetic routes were developed to prepare TiB2/TiC and ZrB2/ZrC composite materials.
In the presented work, the environmentally friendly production processes of pure metals via reduction from the respective oxides in the atmosphere of ultra-low oxidation potential ( 10 atm) are offered. We propose the formation of such an environment by injection of ethyl alcohol in the reactor and interaction of its vapour with oxygen. Such conditions promote dissociation of oxides of almost any kind. Using this method, the pure, socalled 'metals of life' are obtained: Cu, Fe, Ni, and Co, which are used in medicine as the essential nutrients. In the case of chromium conversion, this process is completed with the synthesis of carbide phases. Production of pure Cr is possible by using the similar methodology with the help of oxygen pump. For identification of the reduced products, an X-ray phase analysis is used. The purity of the converted products is characterized by spectrochemical analysis. The experimental data are in a good conformity with the thermodynamic calculations of optimal temperature ranges of conversion reactions and the ratio of the initial ingredients.У запропонованій роботі розглянуто екологічно безпечні процеси одер-жання чистих металів шляхом їх відновлення з відповідних оксидів у ат-мосфері з ультранизьким окиснювальним потенціялом ( 2 16 O 10 P 26 10 атм.). Ми пропонуємо створення такого середовища інжекцією етилового спирту в замкнений контур реактора внаслідок взаємодії пари спирту з киснем. Такі умови сприяють дисоціяції оксидів майже будь-якого виду. Цією методою одержано так звані «метали життя»: Cu, Fe, Ni и Co, які використовуються в медицині як поживні нутрієнти. У випадку конверсії оксиду хрому процес завершується синтезою карбідних фаз. Одержання чистого Cr можливе застосуванням подібної методології за допомогою ки-сневої помпи. Ідентифікація продуктів конверсії відбувається рентґено- 10 атм.). Мы предлагаем создание такой среды инжекцией этилового спирта в замкнутый контур реактора в результате взаимодей-ствия паров спирта с кислородом. Такие условия способствуют диссоциа-ции оксидов почти любого вида. Этим методом получены так называемые «металлы жизни»: Cu, Fe, Ni и Co, применяемые в медицине как пита-тельные нутриенты. В случае конверсии оксида хрома процесс заверша-ется синтезом карбидных фаз. Получение чистого Cr возможно примене-нием подобной методологии с помощью кислородного насоса. Идентифи-кация продуктов конверсии происходит рентгенофазовым структурным анализом, а их чистота контролируется спектрохимическим методом. Экспериментальные данные находятся в хорошем согласии с термодина-мическими вычислениями оптимальных температур конверсионных ре-акций и молярных долей начальных ингредиентов.
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