ABSTRACT. A retrospeciive anaiysis oi zooplankton volumes (1951 to 1996) was performed for the area between Punta Baja (30°N) and Punta Abreojos (26 ?ON) in relatlon to the warming anomaly that has taken place in the California Current System during the last 2 decades. The seasonal cycle of median standing stock of zooplankton In this area showed a moderate alternation between h~g h values from June to October (median monthly volumes between 86 and 108 m1/1000 m") and low values from Kovember to May (58 to 77 m1/1000 m3). The quarterly long-term means of zooplankton volumes were the lowest in winter, as were wind speeds. The standard deviations associated with the long-term means indicated interannual variability was higher than seasonal variability. The time series showed an interval of high zooplankton volume between 1952 and 1957. Following the strong ENSO (El Nifio Southern Oscillation) of 1957-1958, a period of low values occurred which extended into the early 1960s. There was a slow recovery of zooplankton biomass through the rest of the 1960s, but it did not reach the earlier high values. Available data suggest the increasing trend reached a peak in 1975. Subsequently, from 1976 to the ENSO of 1982ENSO of -1983, the biomass decreased. For the remainder of the 1980s, the few existing data showed an erratic behavior of the biomass. In the 1990s, there has been a decrease to values even lower than those observed durlng the 1957-1958 ENSO. Nonseasonal anomalles for zoop1.ankton and environmental variables were significantly different (p < 0.001) anlong decades but not between the northern (30" to 28" N ) and southern (28" to 26" N ) areas. The decrease in zooplankton volume in this region over the last 2 decades is less than that reported for the Southern California Bight. This may be partly caused by seasonal northward movements of tropical zooplankton species along the Baja California coast, Mexico.
GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN HUMBOLDT'S PENGUIN (Spheniscus humboldti) AND MAGELLANIAN PENGUIN (Spheniscus magellanicus) IN COASTS FROM CENTRAL AND SOUTH-CENTRAL CHILE Twelve parasitic necropsies were performed on penguins from coast of Central and South Central Chile, yielding helminths Tetrabothrius lutzi, T. eudyptidis, Cardiocephaloides physalis, Contracaecum pelagicum, C. heardi and Ascaridia sp. in magellanian penguin, and T. eudyptidis, C. physalis and Contracaecum pelagicum in humboldt's penguin. New records were found of T. eudyptidis, C. pelagicum and C. heardi in Chile. C. physalis and Ascaridia sp. represent new parasitic species in the magellanic penguin.
SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to confirm and update previous records of Phthiraptera in domestic and ornamental birds of Chile, through the examination of the plumage of the birds. The presence of Menopon gallinae, Goniodes gigas, Goniocotes gallinae and Menacanthus stramineus species on the domestic fowl Gallus gallus domesticus was confirmed, and the Menacanthus pallidulus is reported for the first time in Chile. In ornamental birds, seven species of lice were reported for the first time in Chile: M. stramineus in wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), Goniodes pavonis and Amrysidea minuta in the Indian Peafowl, Goniocotes chrysocephalus and Oxylipeurus colchicus in the Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), and Anaticola anseris and Trinoton anserinum in the Greylag Goose (Anser anser).Palabras clave: aves, piojos, Phthiraptera.
In order to be able to invert optical remote sensing data, it is necessary to understand the absorption, scattering and attenuation spectra. In this paper we present a study of the vertical distribution and spectra of the inherent optical properties by the particulate and dissolved materials in the Gulf of California. Most of the optical properties in the gulf are dominated by phytoplankton and their by-products (Case I waters). Only in the extreme northwestern region of the gulf were the optical properties dominated by inorganic materials. Typical spectra for the various components are presented. The distribution of the components and their relative contribution to the total optical properties are discussed.
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