Hydrokinetic turbines are devices that harness the power from moving water of rivers, canals, and artificial currents without the construction of a dam. The design optimization of the rotor is the most important stage to maximize the power production. The rotor is designed to convert the kinetic energy of the water current into mechanical rotation energy, which is subsequently converted into electrical energy by an electric generator. The rotor blades are critical components that have a large impact on the performance of the turbine. These elements are designed from traditional hydrodynamic profiles (hydrofoils), to directly interact with the water current. Operational effectiveness of the hydrokinetic turbines depends on their performance, which is measured by using the ratio between the lift coefficient (CL) and the drag coefficient (CD) of the selected hydrofoil. High lift forces at low flow rates are required in the design of the blades; therefore, the use of multi-element hydrofoils is commonly regarded as an adequate solution to achieve this goal. In this study, 2D CFD simulations and multi-objective optimization methodology based on surrogate modelling were conducted to design an appropriate multi-element hydrofoil to be used in a horizontal-axis hydrokinetic turbine. The Eppler 420 hydrofoil was utilized for the design of the multi-element hydrofoil composed of a main element and a flap. The multi-element design selected as the optimal one had a gap of 2.825% of the chord length (C1), an overlap of 8.52 %C1, a flap deflection angle (δ) of 19.765°, a flap chord length (C2) of 42.471 %C1, and an angle of attack (α) of –4°.
La resistencia a la cavitación es un requerimiento importante en el diseño de turbinas hidrocinéticas para aplicaciones marinas o fluviales dado que se ha demostrado que la cavitación puede contribuir al desgaste, corrosión, vibración y fatiga de los álabes de la turbina. La presencia de cavitación en los álabes puede conducir a la disminución del rendimiento de la turbina y la reducción de su vida útil. Por lo tanto, es fundamental incluir un estudio de cavitación en el análisis y desarrollo de los sistemas hidrocinéticos. En este trabajo, se presentan los elementos a tener en cuenta en un estudio de cavitación de los álabes de las turbinas hidrocinéticas. Como criterio para determinar la ocurrencia de cavitación, se presentó la comparación entre la distribución del coeficiente de presión ( ) sobre el perfil hidrodinámico Eppler 420 y el número de cavitación ( ). El fue calculado mediante simulación numérica usando el software Ansys Fluent. Los resultados mostraron que el perfil hidrodinámico Eppler 420 podría ser empleado para el diseño de los álabes de turbinas hidrocinéticas.
Página de la revista: revistas.uis.edu.co/index.php/revistauisingenierias Investigación numérica sobre el uso de álabes multielemento en turbina hidrocinética de eje horizontal Numerical investigation on the use of multi-element blades in horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbine
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