Although Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a buzzword for self-organizing IT applications, its relevance to software engineering has hardly been analyzed systematically. This study combines a systematic review of previous research in the field and five qualitative interviews with software developers who use or want to use AI tools in their daily work routines, to assess the status of development, future development potentials and equally the risks of AI application to software engineering. The study classifies the insights in the software development life cycle. The analysis results that major achievements and future potentials of AI are a) the automation of lengthy routine jobs in software development and testing using algorithms, e.g. for debugging and documentation, b) the structured analysis of big data pools to discover patterns and novel information clusters and c) the systematic evaluation of these data in neural networks. AI thus contributes to speed up development processes, realize development cost reductions and efficiency gains. AI to date depends on man-made structures and is mainly reproductive, but the automation of software engineering routines entails a major advantage: Human developers multiply their creative potential when using AI tools effectively.
When it comes to design and editing, complex ontologies have much in common with large and complex software systems. The ontology editor presented in this article adapts two solution approaches from software engineering to the task of ontology editing following the rationale that similar problems can be tackled with similar solutions. The first of the approaches is aspect orientation which allows to look at a problem from different perspectives and editing each perspective separately even with different names for one and the same entity. The article describes this approach’s theoretical foundations as well as the data model required for its implementation. The second approach is an auto-completion-like feature that checks whether editing steps on the ABox level are consistent with rules modeled on the TBox level and the ontology in general. The editor also features a visual language that is designed to facilitate editing OWL Lite based ontologies.
In smart service systems engineering, where actors rely on the mutual exchange of data to create complex and holistic solutions, integration is crucial. Nevertheless, the management of data as a driving resource still lacks organizational structure. There is no holistic lifecycle approach that integrates data and service lifecycle and adopts a cross-actor perspective. Especially in data ecosystems, where sovereign actors depend on the mutual exchange of data to create complex, but transparent service systems, an integration is of crucial importance. This particularly applies to the smart living domain, where different industries, products and services interact in a complex environment. In this paper we address this shortcoming by proposing an integrated model that covers the different relevant lifecycles based on a systematic literature review and supplement it by concrete domain requirements from the smart living ecosystem obtained through semi-structured expert interviews.
ZusammenfassungViele Unternehmen setzen Künstliche Intelligenz zur Verarbeitung großer Datenmengen bereits heute erfolgreich für die Kundenbindung ein. So schaffen große Unternehmen individuelle Kundenerlebnisse basierend auf der Auswertung großer kundenbezogener Datenmengen zur kurz- aber auch langfristigen Kundenbindung, z. B. durch intelligente Empfehlungen von Inhalten auf Videoplattformen. Bei Unternehmen mit traditioneller Wertschöpfung wird dieses Potenzial jedoch noch nicht ausreichend genutzt. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird im Rahmen einer Fallstudie exemplarisch ein datengetriebenes Kundenbindungsszenario in Kooperation mit einer Autowerkstatt umgesetzt. Im konkreten Fall wurde eine zeitlich optimierte Kundenansprache auf Basis von KI-basierten Prognosen der täglichen Fahrleistung von Kunden angestrebt. Grundlage dafür war die Analyse eines Kundendatensatzes einer Autowerkstatt und die anschließende Entwicklung einer Künstlichen Intelligenz. Aufbauend auf der Fallstudie wird ein datenbasiertes Geschäftsmodell konzipiert, dessen Werteangebot vor allem Unternehmen mit traditioneller Wertschöpfung und wenig Wissen im Bereich Künstlicher Intelligenz dazu befähigt, datenbasierte Technologien in der Kundenbindung einzusetzen. Das dem Geschäftsmodell zugrundeliegende Plattformkonzept wird dabei als Open-Innovation-Modell entwickelt und soll neben der Entwicklung eigener Services auch die Interaktion von Datenkonsumenten, Datenlieferanten und anderen Datenbefähigern, mit dem Ziel sich als Datenökosystem für Kundenbindung zu etablieren, unterstützen.
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