Resilience has in recent decades been introduced as a term describing a new perspective within the domains of disaster management and safety management. Several theoretical interpretations and definitions of the essence of resilience have been proposed, but less work has described how to operationalise resilience and implement the concept within organisations. This case study describes the implementation of a set of general resilience management guidelines for critical infrastructure within a Swedish Regional Medical Command and Control Team. The case study demonstrates how domain-independent guidelines can be contextualised and introduced at an operational level, through a comprehensive capability development programme. It also demonstrates how a set of conceptual and reflective tools consisting of educational, training and exercise sessions of increasing complexity and realism can be used to move from high-level guidelines to practice. The experience from the case study demonstrates the value of combining (1) developmental learning of practitioners' cognitive skills through resilience-oriented reflection and interaction with dynamic complex open-ended problems; (2) contextualisation of generic guidelines as a basis for operational methodological support in the operational environment; and (3) the use of simulation-based training as part of a capability development programme with increasing complexity and realism across mixed educational, training and exercise sessions. As an actual example of a resilience implementation effort in a disaster medicine management organisation, the study contributes to the body of knowledge regarding how to implement the concept of resilience in operational practice.
Contemporary crisis management studies often make use of the concept of resilience. However, resilience as a term has a wide variety of meanings and has been criticized as lacking operationalization and empirical validation. The current study aimed to link resilience concepts to observable behaviour within a disaster medicine management system. Resilience concepts, captured in so-called capability cards and further operationalized into six resilience prerequisites, were used in the study. An
Evaluation of interaction and user interface design is usually carried out by people specialized in usability and/or human factors. However, a common shortcoming for designers and evaluators is limited knowledge about how the systems are used in their context. Usability evaluation with heuristics is a common and rather fast method with which many important design issues and flaws can be discovered. However, it can be challenging to apply in domain-specific systems for non-domain experts. A study was therefore performed to evaluate how end users who are domain experts can be engaged to perform a heuristic evaluation on their main system of use. After being introduced to usability theory, design principles and the method of heuristic evaluation, the end users evaluated their system according to 17 selected usability heuristics. Their evaluation was part of a range of other usability assessments of the system. The results showed that the method is promising and the feedback from the end users was positive. It was also found that there is a need for additional training and more time for the evaluation. In future work, the evaluation method will be modified according to lessons learned and applied in other domain-specific systems.
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