Fatty acids were identified in monofloral beebread (BB) and bee pollen (BP) loads collected from Trifolium pratense L. A gas chromatography method was used to identify and quantify fatty acids: Thirty-five fatty acids were identified in BB and 42 in BP. A high amount of the healthy n-3 fatty acids was found. The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 to n-6 reached a value of 8.42 and 3.35 in the latter products. The proteomic analysis also was performed on the manually collected T. pratense pollen, and the most abundant protein groups were subjected to mass spectrometry analysis. Proteins identified in T. pratense pollen are involved in the main cellular functions (cell membrane formation, organelles traffic, and mainly metabolic processes). Because of the composition of fatty acids in BB and BP and a variety of proteins present in pollen, these products are considered to be favorable for human nutrition and health.
The aim of the present work was to describe the most unique pollen found in the honey collected in protected landscapes of Lithuania. Honey samples were collected from Lithuania's protected landscape areas to study the botanical origin of pollen. A total of 17 samples of honey were obtained from different protected geographical locations of Lithuania: Varduva Scenic Landscape Reserve, Salantai
Liver disorders are associated with the high-fat diet, high cholesterol levels excessive alcohol consumption, and hepatic viruses. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of beebread mixed with honey on the hepatic function and blood parameters in alcohol abuse patients suffering from chronic hepatitis. Materials and methods. Eighteen patients (5 females and 13 males) aged 19-69 years were involved in the study on chronic hepatitis treatment. Fifteen patients were treated in hospital after flare-up of alcohol-induced hepatitis; in one patient, liver disease was caused by obesity, and in another it was drug-induced. Patients' blood samples were analysed for erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP) glucose, and bilirubin, liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The patients received medical treatment with Hepatil and the nutritional supplement Livosan containing 83.33 mg milk thistle (Silybum marianum) extract produced by the Lithuanian pharmaceutical company "Aconitum", and beebread mixed with honey (1 : 2) 15 grams twice a day after meal. The data were compared with those of the control group (4 females and 6 males), treated with medicaments only. The average treatment period was 5 weeks. A statistically significant reduction in CRP, AST, bilirubin and a trend towards the reduction of ALT levels after treatment were recorded for the group of patients who had received medicaments, Livosan and bee bread mixed with honey. Beebread used together with medicaments and Livosan exerted a hepatoprotective effect and improved liver function.
Introduction. Rape and buckwheat are progressively cultured in Lithuania. Pollen of these plants can be present in honeybee products, whereas it is known that pollen can be a potential allergen.Purpose. To explore how often and intensively the pollen of rape, buckwheat and mugwort, as well as monofloral (buckwheat and rape) and polyfloral (spring) honey can cause allergy in humans, to reveal whether there is a difference between honey allergy before and after heat treatment and to investigate the purity of monofloral honey in Lithuania.Materials and methods. The influence of allergens was determined by a skin-prick test. The botanical origin of honey and pollen was determined by the melissopalynological method.Results. Botanical composition studies have shown that in Lithuania where melliferous plants are cultivated, honey made by honeybees is almost homogeneous. The skinprick test revealed no statistically significant difference between honey tested before and after heat-treatment, but proved that monofloral honey was less allergenic than polyfloral. Pollen caused allergy more often and more intensively than monofloral honey did.
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