Children exposed to parental intimate partner violence (IPV) are at high risk in terms of their mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, online interventions are imperative in a crisis situation. Empirical studies indicate a significant relationship between self-esteem and children exposed to parental IPV. This research aimed to develop, and pilot test an online intervention program to enhance the self-esteem of Adolescents exposed to parental IPV. Conklin’s developmental model was used to develop the online program and the Coopersmith Self Esteem Inventory scale, interview, and focus group discussion was used to understand the key issues. The developed Cognitive Self Compassion (CSC) Online Intervention Program that integrates the theories and techniques of social cognitive theory and self-compassion was implemented over 6 weeks at a rate of 60 min per session to the 10 participants. Results of the single-group pilot experiment showed a significant difference in the pre & post-test scores of the participants. The self-esteem of the adolescents exposed to parental IPV was significantly enhanced after undergoing the CSC Online Intervention Program.
Exposure of children to their parents’ intimate partner violence (IPV) is recognized as an adverse childhood experience that has a significant impact on the overall healthy development of the children and this research summarizes all relevant literature to determine the prevalence, impacts, risks, and protective factors of adolescents subjected to parental IPV since childhood. The literature in this scoping was scrutinized based on both inclusion, exclusion criteria. Almost 15 articles were reviewed out of 118 related literature sourced from electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Research Gate, and Google Scholar published in the year 2016–2021. The search method followed Mays, Roberts, and Popay’s process of gathering relevant literature and mapping important ideas to capture the available data in a study topic, especially the one which lacked proper evaluation. The results of this review of the literature indicate that parental IPV is a pervasive problem that impairs the adolescent’s overall well-being. It also highlights a range of protective factors that can mitigate the impact of parental IPV. The findings of this scoping review have implications for practice and policy. Given the enormous scope and burden of children’s parental IPV exposure, intervention techniques to safeguard this vulnerable population and enhance well-being are urgently needed.
The COVID-19 pandemic may have substantially impacted adolescents’ mental health. Therefore, this study aims to assess the influence of exposure to parental intimate partner violence (IPV) and demographic variables on adolescents’ self-esteem. A cross-sectional approach was used in this study. The sample consisted of 214 adolescents from different areas in Kerala, India, who completed the Cooper Smith Self-Esteem and Child Exposure to Domestic Violence questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression analysis, and an independent t-test. Results indicated that exposure to parental IPV and demographic variables such as parents’ education, occupation, and family income significantly predict self-esteem in adolescents. Moreover, high exposure to parental IPV may cause low self-esteem in adolescents. School and family-based online interventions are needed to protect IPV-affected adolescents and enhance their self-esteem.
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