<p>The article discusses the construction of the critical thinking concept in higher education and its change in scientific publications between 1993 and 2017. Based on a systematic literature review, the following research questions are raised: <em>how does construction of critical thinking concept change in the context of higher education during time? How are personal, interpersonal, and social aspects expressed in the concept of critical thinking in the context of higher education? </em>The systematic literature review revealed significant grow of publications starting from 1998. It is also disclosed slight change in treating critical thinking as purely general or domain-specific competence. The authors of the researched articles do not make clear division between critical thinking as a general and as a domain-specific competence. Researchers in different fields tend to associate critical thinking with the development of a person’s cognitive and intellectual capacities, including skills and attitudes. However, some authors reveal also interpersonal and social aspects of critical thinking. Alas, there are not so many publications in favour of such comprehensive approach. But there is still some hope that critical thinking will be treated and nurtured as personal, interpersonal and social competence.</p>
Knowledge management and critical thinking are two broad and important phenomena for contemporary society. Their concepts are both well-discussed in the literature. However, the existing conceptual links between them have not been analyzed, and the role of critical thinking in the process of effective knowledge management has not been revealed. This article aims to fill this gap by presenting the conceptual connections between knowledge management and critical thinking. In order to reveal the inner structure of each concept and identify the conceptual connections, a critical review was conducted. The results showed the links between the concepts of knowledge management and critical thinking within three dimensions: relationships, process, and goals. In conclusion, each dimension is presented and described, with a special focus on the unexpected and deep intersections revealed between the two concepts on a personal, interpersonal, and societal level. This research may be regarded as providing the basis for further analysis of the links between these two phenomena. Increased awareness of the existence of critical thinking in knowledge management can forge new directions in organizational strategies and staff training programs.
Background Despite a global policy push toward the advancement of family- and community-based care, residential care for children and youth remains a relevant and highly utilized out-of-home care option in many countries, fulfilling functions of care and accommodation as well as education and treatment. Objective As part of a larger project involving five European countries (Finland, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, and Spain), the objective was “to map” the context and content of residential care in each country, thereby building a foundation for meaningful comparisons and deepened understanding of each system’s inherent logic. Within the context of global deinstitutionalization efforts, the study also aimed to understand factors that hinder or enhance the transformation of residential care. Method Using an embedded multiple-case design, data was gathered by each country on its residential care macro context as well as salient variables related to three units of analysis–residential care system/program features, residential care training and personnel, characteristics of youth. Cross-case synthesis was used to summarize and compare cases across relevant dimensions. Results The analysis highlighted areas of overlap and singularity, particularly with regard to utilization rates, concepts and methods, workforce professionalization, and characteristics of youth. Conclusions Findings provide a more nuanced understanding of how residential care continues to be viewed and utilized in some countries, challenging the ‘residential-care-as-a-last-resort-only’ rhetoric that is currently dominating the discourse on residential care. It further provides an understanding of historical and sociocultural factors that need to be considered when trying to transform services for children, youth, and their families.
Mykolo Romerio universitetas, Socialinių technologijų fakultetas, Edukologijos ir socialinio darbo institutas, Ateities g. 20, 08303 Vilnius, jolantapiv@mruni.eu Anotacija. Darni plėtra, nuolat esanti ir akcentuojama politinėje dienotvarkėje, vis dar stokoja Lietuvos mokslininkų dėmesio. Straipsnio tikslas -išryškinti socialinio kapitalo dimensiją darnios plėtros kontekste, pristatant globalų švietimą kaip socialinio kapitalo didinimo, o tai reiškia, ir darnios plėtros įgyvendinimo, priemonę. Remiantis teorinių šaltinių analize aptariamos tokios temos kaip darnios plėtros samprata, darnios plėtros dimensijos, darnios plėtros strategijų ir globalaus švietimo sąsajos.Esminiai žodžiai: darni plėtra, socialinis kapitalas, darnios plėtros strategijos, globalus švie-timas. ĮvadasDarni plėtra yra kompleksinė sąvoka ir sudėtingas procesas, kurio tikslas -užtikrinti gerovę dabartinėms ir būsimoms kartoms. Tačiau kylantys ekonominiai ir ekologiniai iššūkiai apsunkina šį procesą. Dar daugiau, baigtiniai ištekliai trukdo naudoti įprastus būdus gerovei užtikrinti, ypač sietinus su ekonomikos kaip nuolatinio augimo samprata (Jackson, 2012).Nuolat politinėje dienotvarkėje esanti ir akcentuojama darni plėtra stokoja Lietuvos mokslininkų dėmesio. Šalyje priimta nemažai reikšmingų dokumentų, pvz.: Nacionalinė darnaus vystymosi strategija (2003, atnaujinta 2011 m.), Lietuvos pažangos strategija "Lietuva 2030"Lietuva " (2012. Nevyriausybinės organizacijos vienijasi, siekdamos prisidėti prie darnios plėtros principų įgyvendinimo (pvz.: Nacionalinė nevyriausybinių vystomojo bendradarbiavimo organizacijų platforma, Darnios plėtros akademija ir kt.), tačiau
Preface 6 variety in conceptualisations on what it is, how it is shown, what it addresses,and what it requires. The use and development of critical thinking are regularly and intentionally supported both in the labour market and higher education, despite diverse and clear indications that all that supporting of critical thinking, all that teaching of critical thinking are not always equally effective. Different conceptualisations of critical thinking result in different interpretations of the value of particular interventions, and, in turn, these different interpretations result in different reactions to those interventions. In addition to that insight, the monograph also extends an invitation for more research on fostering critical thinking, both by creating situations that afford critical thinking and by developing what is needed to engage in critical thinking. Here, too, we can only hope that the invitation will be widely accepted.The monograph highlights the importance of critical thinking, that is, why it is equally important to research it. It also highlights the complexity of critical thinking, stressing the need for research that acknowledges that complexity. The monograph recognises and illustrates that critical thinking deserves and requires multiple research approaches. Understanding critical thinking, the practice of critical thinking, the fostering of critical thinking, and the development of critical thinking requires knowledge and an in-depth understanding of the literature on critical thinking; it also requires engagement in empirical research, from qualitative and quantitative to descriptive, explanatory and interventionist. The monograph reveals that more conceptual and more empirical research need one another. Through instantiation, empirical research helps understand and validate conceptual research on critical thinking, while the use of conceptual literature is essential for deconstructing the findings in order to make them meaningful. The methodological richness and solid embeddedness in the (international) literature of this monograph might be intimidating, but extend an invitation to researchers and scholars in the domain of critical thinking to be especially critical when it comes to making methodological choices. Again, we can only hope that the invitation will be widely accepted.In The Society of the Spectacle, Guy Debord invites us to be critical and not to be 'spectators', writing: 'Spectators do not find what they want, they want what they find'. This monograph helps to not become spectators -to remain critical first and foremost about (the development of) critical thinking.
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