Increase in sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels, as well as their correlation with high vitreous IL-6 and TNF-alpha concentrations in patients with PDR, seem to confirm the inflammatory-immune nature of this process. In diabetes, inadequate metabolic control remains an important risk factor in the development of PDR.

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Previously described severe damage to the inner retina of human donor eyes could not be found with even higher doses of ICG in this porcine model. Although differences within the species may contribute to these contradictory results, it is conceivable that the postmortem time and the vitality of the tissue influence the outcome in this ex vivo system.

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