Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae), known as “Buriti,” is a Brazilian palm tree with high economic potential for local communities. Herein, we investigated the phytochemistry profile and antioxidant potential of M. flexuosa fruits and determined the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds. Peels revealed upper values for phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, tannins, and ascorbic acid when compared to the pulps and endocarps. All samples showed capacity to scavenger free radicals (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/mL) but peels presented higher scavenger action in all methods explored. Phenolic compounds identified by HPLC displayed reduced bioaccessibility after in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion for pulp (38.7%), peel (18.7%), and endocarp (22.3%) extracts (P < 0.05). Buriti fruits also protected rat blood cells against lysis induced by peroxyl radicals. We demonstrated the promising chemopreventive potentialities of M. flexuosa fruits and their by-products and peels with higher quantities of bioactive compounds and phenolic substances before and after in vitro bioaccessibility investigation. In Brazil, these parts are discarded or underused, mainly as feed for ruminant animals. Consequently, it is extremely important to explore nutritional characteristics of these by-products for human/livestock foods and to install biofriendly techniques and sustainable biotechnology handling of natural resources.
The objective was to evaluate and show the main impacts of excessive corporal weight, related to the complexities and clinical outcomes, caused by SARS-CoV-2. This work is based in a systematic review of published works and driven by the question: “Which are the main questions about obesity as a risk factor related to the clinical complications of COVID and severe respiratory diseases?”, the researches were realized based on MEDLINE data, through the keywords available in DeCS/MeSH: Coronavírus/Coronavirus, Obesidade/ Obesity and SARS-Cov-2/Betacoronavirus, and then through pre-fixed criteria, were selected 13 articles to make part of the same research. The severity of the infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 increased with the CMI, in patients with overweight, the needs for intensive therapy and mechanical ventilation were about 50%. The overweight can act as a deregulator, harming the lymphoids and myeloides answers, which will disrupt the immunological system and extend the infections, contributing to a higher proliferation of viral infections, as occurs in the COVID-19 pandemics, besides, those individuals usually have some pre-existing metabolic and endocrine disturbances which can contribute to the use of the immune system, inflammatory and viral pathogens. The obesity and overweight are directly related with the intensification of patients symptoms with COVID-19, trough disturbances in the immune system, lack of respiratory capability and complacency of the respiratory system, and by the presence of associated diseases to that pathology.
Research background. Commercialization of Mauritia flexuosa fruits in Brazil is embryonic and handmade. Herein, we evaluated the nutritional value of pulp, peel and endocarp samples from M. flexuosa fruits, performed macroscopic and microscopic evaluations and analyzed physicochemical properties. Experimental approach. Samples were analyzed in relation to size and weight, pH, °Brix, protein content, soluble/insoluble fibers, total titratable acidity and energy value. Mineral profiling was performed by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and fatty acids and phytosterols were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using an Rxi-5HT capillary column. Samples were also submitted to differential scanning calorimetry coupled to a thermal analyzer, and microstructure, morphology, surface and viscosity evaluations were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) with copper radiation and rheological behavior. Results and conclusions. Lyophilized pulp showed higher nutritional contents of ash, proteins, carbohydrates, and energy than in natura pulp. Lyophilized pulp and its by-products showed suitable yields (>17.31 %) and low aw, potassium, manganese, and monounsaturated fatty acids. Peels showed elevated percentages of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, endothermic event and single by-products presenting phytosterols (β-sitosterol and stigmasterol). The lyophilization process did not alter mineral contents, but the reduction ranged from 18.5 to 22.7 % for calcium, magnesium and manganese. Drying processes generated semi-crystalline powders. Peels and endocarps demonstrated higher amounts of insoluble fibers and lower contents of sugars. This composition was reproduced by comparable microscopic morphology and similar thermograms and XRD outcomes. Pulps and endocarps exhibited pseudoplastic non-Newtonian behavior, and flow behavior index values were lower than 1, while peels presented dilatant comportment. Then, physicochemical and nutritional characterization of pulp and by-products, such as peels and endocarp, are essential to support scientific research and exploration of new sustainable products. Novelty and scientific contribution. Processing and conservation techniques, as lyophilization of buriti whole fruits, maintain the good quality of nutritional contents and bioactive compounds, and it can be used to extend their shelf life, preserve alimentary characteristics and provide wider purposes and availability. Such parameters may generate income and food security for local and regional communities.
Introdução: O acompanhamento nutricional é uma peça chave na aplicabilidade dos cuidados paliativos no câncer avançado. Tais cuidados visam minimizar os efeitos adversos dos tratamentos e propiciar melhoria à qualidade de vida de pacientes e familiares, atenuando o sofrimento. Objetivo: Revisar sobre a importância da assistência nutricional para os cuidados paliativos de pacientes oncológicos. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Para a busca dos artigos foram utilizadas as combinações dos termos nutrição ou terapia nutricional e cuidados paliativos e câncer (nutrition or nutrition therapy and palliative care and câncer), nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo e Lilacs, considerando-se o período de 2009 a 2019. Resultados: Após triagem, foram incluídos 09 estudos que investigaram o estado nutricional, especialmente no âmbito da síndrome de caquexia-anorexia, os significados do alimento e da nutrição para o paciente, o uso de terapia nutricional enteral ou parenteral, as contribuições da suplementação nutricional e condução do acompanhamento nutricional pelos profissionais. A nutrição e a alimentação em todos os seus aspectos mostraram-se relevante no tratamento por contribuir para melhora da qualidade de vida, quer seja por meio de estratégias nutricionais como suporte nutricional por via enteral e/ou parenteral, na impossibilidade da via oral, ou na suplementação, possibilitando resposta positiva no estado nutricional, retardando a progressão da caquexia e minimizando sintomas gastrointestinais. Conclusão: O acompanhamento nutricional deve ser adequado, procurando respeitar as necessidades biológicas e as relações socioantropológicas do paciente com a alimentação, considerando os seus desejos sem desconsiderar suas condições clínicas e todos os aspectos éticos.
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