This study was conducted in two sides of Bingerville (Abatta and Anna) in southern Côte d'Ivoire. The objective was to inventory the entomofauna of poultry farms in order to verify the presence of Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebionidae) in Côte d'Ivoire. It also aimed to establish correlation between Alphitobius diaperinus density in livestock buildings and the loss on poultry production. Thirty (30) poultry buildings were investigated during 3 months. A survey questionnaire on farm characteristics, diseases and mortality was submitted to farmers. The poultry litter was collected, transported to the laboratory and excavated. Insects were determined and counted. A total of 19661 insects were collected on both sites. Alphitobius diaperinus accounts for 96.63% of collected insects. The statistical comparison showed that A. diaperinus is the most representative insect (P <0.0001). This insect is unevenly distributed in chicken farms (n = 89, F = 3.67, and P ˂ 0.00001). Out of 18998 Alphitobius diaperinus collected, a total of 14362 (75.60%) were recorded in the column of feeders and waterers, and only, 4636 (24.40%) off feeders and waterers’. The study also revealed a strong correlation (R = +0.88) between the density of A diaperinus and the loss on chicken production due to avian diseases such as Gumboro, Newcastle, and Mareck. This insect is suspected to be the vector of these aggressive diseases of poultry. Our results reveal for the first time, the effective presence of Alphitobius diaperinus in poultry farms in Côte d'Ivoire.
Study Design and Objectives: Sugar cane production is threatened by the devastating action of the larval populations of Eldana saccharina Walker. Faced with this situation, the search for sustainable control solutions is a major challenge for sugar producers. This study contributes to the control of the larval populations of the pest through the use of formulations based on essential oils of local aromatic plants.
Methodology: Bioassays on the survival of the larvae were therefore conducted in the laboratory at the Sucrivoire site in Zuénoula. The larvae obtained from the eggs, incubated for 5 days were reared on a nutritional medium and then transferred to empty dishes after one week. Essential oils from the hydrodistillation of three aromatic plants (Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Zingiber officinale) were used. Five concentrations of these essential oils (1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 and 10000-ppm) were tested by direct contact on batches of 10 larvae for a total of 30 larvae/concentration. Dead larvae were counted daily and the mortality rate was calculated after 24, 48 and 72 hours of exposure.
Results: As early as 24 hours, larval mortality was significant (P<0.001) from 2000-ppm for Cymbopogon citratus and Ocimum gratissimum essential oils. They caused larval mortality of 63.33 and 80% respectively. Zingiber officinale induced a significant mortality of 80% from 4000-ppm. After 72 hours of exposure of the larvae to the essential oils, the mortality rate increased significantly with the concentration (P<0.001). The lowest lethal concentrations for 50 and 90% (841.77 and 1905.06 ppm, respectively) were obtained with the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum.
Conclusion: The use of essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Zingiber officinale can help to control Eldana saccharina Walker larval borers for better sugarcane production.
Aims: To evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) and acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) on the minimal concentration of juglone (C min ) inducing foliar necrosis-and to determine the total phenol content and antioxidant activity of extracts of banana leaves after SA and ASM applications and toxin injection.
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), is a legiminous plant grown in the tropical regions of Africa. It is used in food and feed because of its high protein content. However, its storage and preservation are affected by numerous abiotic and biotic constraints including fungi and insects. This work was initiated with the aim of sanitary analyzing, physiological and biochemical state of Cowpea seeds, in order to seek and remove the constraints related to their viability. Purity, contamination and germination tests were carried out. Different culture media (PDA and blotting paper) were used for the tests. Seed viability by area of attack by Callosobruchus maculatus, main pest of Cowpea stocks, was also tested. The biochemical compounds of the seeds were assayed. The results indicated that the purity of the Cowpea seeds collected from the different markets of Abidjan was satisfactory overall, with a rate of more than 95% recorded. In contrast, the seeds were susceptible to attacks by fungal microorganisms and insects. Thus, two fungi were isolated and purified. Macrophomina phaseoli species roved to be harmful to Cowpea seeds stored. These fungi prevent seed germination and degrade their biochemical compounds. Also, perforation of seeds at the hilum by Callosobruchus maculatus also prevents germination. Macrophomina phaseoli and Callosobruchus maculatus are real constraints of Cowpea during storage.
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