This study aims at investigating the antipyretic activity of different solvent fractions of the root bark of Rutidea parviflora (Rubiaceae). This plant is used ethno-botanically by the people of Ethiope East-West Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria to treat various ailments such as inflammation, fever and pain. This necessitated this research to validate its local use, due to the scanty literature and information present about this plant. It has also shown some anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity in previous researches. The present study is a randomized control study. Acetic acid induced writhing was employed for analgesic testing. Acetic acid was used to induce writhing in Wistar rats which were divided into fourteen (14) groups. The groups were administered extracts and fractions of the plant (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg). The animals were observed for number of writing movements and the percentage writhing was calculated. Baker’s yeast induced pyrexia was employed for the antipyretic testing. The animal groups were administered extracts and fractions of the plant (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg), with Paracetamol as the standard drug (100 mg/kg) and Normal saline (control) for both experiments. The body temperature of the rats was measured rectally over a period of five (5) hours. All values of P<0.05 were taken as significant. The organic extract, aqueous extract and various fractions (n-hexane, ethyl-acetate, n-butanol and aqueous) produced significant inhibition of writhing responses and pyrexia in a dose dependent manner and time dependent manner respectively. The aqueous extract at a dose of 400mg/kg showed the greatest reduction in writhing, 91.58% compared to the standard drug (paracetamol) which may suggest that the fraction possesses better efficacy than paracetamol as an analgesic. The observed activities could be attributed to these bioactive compounds: Palmatine, Urs-12-ene-24-oic-3-oxo-methyl ester and Gallic acid contained in R. parviflora.
The rapid development of malignant cancers is characterized by inflammation, which poses a significant drawback in cancer therapy. Both cancer and inflammation operate on very similar mechanisms involving angiogenesis and cell proliferation. Currently, cancer-intrinsic inflammations have been shown to promote cancer progression and hinder apoptosis of cancerous cells. Thus, an effective strategy for chemoprevention and therapy would involve the control of inflammation. This research work aims to investigate the antiinflammatory activity of the extracts of the root bark of Rutidea parviflora (Rubiaceae), a plant I previously reported for anti-ovarian cancer activities and the isolation of palmatine; an anti-cancer compound and a second compound; urs-12-ene-24-oic acid, 3-oxo, methyl ester. This plant is renowned for its antiinflammatory properties amongst locals in Delta state, Nigeria, which has necessitated this present research. Organic and aqueous extracts were obtained from the pulverized root bark by use of the America national cancer institute protocol (NCI). The organic extract was partitioned sequentially in increasing order of polarity with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and distilled water to obtain four fractions. Phytochemical screening was done using standard procedures. Results from the phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides and carbohydrates. Anti-inflammatory investigations of the extracts and fractions were carried out by the induction of inflammation. The animals were grouped into 12 test groups and 2 control groups with 6 rats per group. Egg albumin (0.1 ml) was administered sub-plantarly followed by treatment. Group A received a dose of 200 mg/kg of the plant extracts and Group B received a dose of 400 mg/kg of the plant extracts. Group C (positive control) received indomethacin (10 mg/kg), while Group D (negative control) received 1 ml of normal saline. Statistical analysis showed significance against the negative control indicated by P<0.05 for extracts and fractions. While for the fourth hour post induction of inflammation; the activities of the Group B organic extract, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions were comparable with indomethacin indicating that the plant possess significant anti-inflammatory activity and warrants further anti-inflammatory studies.
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