a b s t r a c tThe densities and viscosities of aqueous mixtures of two cellulose dissolving ionic liquids: 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate ionic liquids have been experimentally determined for water concentration up to approx. 35% water at atmospheric pressure and temperature range from (298.15 to 373.15) K. Molar excess volumes were calculated, resulting in negative values. Literature viscosity correlations were modified in order to describe the viscosity as a function of temperature and water concentration for both water concentrations lower than x H 2 O = 0.4 and for all the water concentration range. These modified equations were applied to correlate viscosity of (water + -ionic liquid) viscosity data for other 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquids as well as for (ethanol + 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate) from literature obtaining a good reproducibility of the data.

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Two new techniques for measuring viscosities at high pressure have been implemented at the TERMOCAL laboratory in order to obtain accurate values of thermophysical properties such as viscosity, especially at high pressures. The detailed uncertainty budgets for both techniques are included in this work. Moreover, the paper studies the compatibility of the results obtained using both techniques according to their corresponding uncertainties in order to obtain reliable data. New viscosity measurements of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane have been performed and included in the paper.

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The pipeline infrastructure of Latin America countries, including the Republic of Ecuador, has a signifi cant accident potential. Accidence rate is facilitated by the diversity of natural and climatic conditions in the region, military-political instability in its separate parts, and imperfection of the standards for the production of pipes and equipment.The technical condition of the pipeline systems operated in Latin America for 15-20 years is imperfect. Depreciation or replacement of spent equipment and elements of the pipeline infrastructure is not being carried out at an adequate pace. Ecuador, for example, has a stable dynamics of increasing accidents at pipeline infrastructure facilities. Therefore, an assessment of the risk of the condition of the main pipelines should be carried out. Anthropogenic risk is one of the most important accident factors (50 % of all risk on main oil pipelines in Ecuador). To evaluate it, the methodology of Federal Safety Manual is proposed. The anthropogenic risk is calculated for 3 main sections of Pascuales-Cuenca pipeline, which supports with oil the provinces of Cañar, Loja, Zamora Chinchipe and Morona Santiago. For the foothill area, the specifi c probability of accidents is the most, and for the coastal and fl at areas less and equals to 0.15 and 0.14, respectively. The performed accident analysis will allow taking the necessary measuresto maintain the pipeline in working condition.

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La legislación ambiental hidrocarburífera en el Ecuador inició en los 70 con el llamado pacto de caballeros y tuvo su momento cumbre con la expedición del RAOHE en 2001. En este punto, el RAOHE se consolidó como una herramienta para la explotación sustentable de los recursos hidrocarburíferos, y un garante de la estabilidad jurídica de una inversión extranjera que reactivase el sector petrolero. Sin embargo, 20 años después, con nuevos avances tecnológicos y garantías ambientales más restrictivas, se ha generado un desfase entre aquello que se encuentra regulado y la actual tecnología empleada en las operaciones de la industria. En este documento, se analizó esta discontinuidad normativa y de procesos desde el enfoque de la tecnología relacionada con el manejo y disposición de agua. Específicamente, en la revisión y análisis de límites permisibles en el manejo de descargas líquidas, reinyección de recortes y fracturamiento hidráulico. Este ensayo se apoyó en el estudio de fuentes de investigación primaria para la definición de sugerencias generales sobre la aplicación y gestión ante la entidad de gestión ambiental, a la espera de que esta información pueda aportar a la articulación de marcos técnicos más comprensibles.