This paper analyses the fabrication of graffiti as an unconventional communication channel for the locals of Bontoc, Mountain Province focusing in language content, purposes, discourse domains and themes using the writings collected on public transportations particularly on tricycles and on public spaces. Insights from Corpus-Based Theory utilizing Braun & Clarke's (2006) Thematic Analysis and Fairclough's (1995) Critical Discourse Analysis which concerns the usage of Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG), a concept proposed by M.A.K. Halliday that offers the basis for language study in context and Multimodal Discourse Analysis (MDA) recommended by Kress and van Leeuwen (2001) which was beneficial not only in examining the texts, but also analysing the visual components. These theories were used to answer the following problems: (1) to determine the various discourse domains of public transportation and public spaces graffiti in central Bontoc; and(2) to examine the communication content that includes the intention of inscription. Qualitative method was employed in the analysis and it was interpreted that graffiti on the selected sites contribute a collective interactive linguistic style employed to show the inscribers' creativity, imagination, and freedom of expression. In Bontoc, Mountain Province, graffiti have been observed as a noteworthy and substantial cultural sensation over a long period.
The demands of research in graduate school make it imperative to assess the readiness of graduate students to conduct research, whether as a requirement for their subjects, or the type of thesis or dissertation. In this study quantitative and qualitative methods were employed, namely a survey questionnaire, interviews, and document analysis, to examine graduate students' readiness in thesis writing and the difficulties they face. The findings reveal that students often struggle with research and statistical tools in the comprehensive exam. Additionally, the students' ability to articulate their knowledge and ideas significantly affects their exam results. Study findings also indicate that students are only moderately prepared regarding research readiness, scoring lowest in identifying research problems and writing literature reviews. As a result, some students abandon their research projects or cannot complete them on time. The data from the interviews further support the quantitative results, indicating that the students lack research skills and face multiple workloads, which impact their ability to complete their research. To address these challenges, the Graduate School in their research programme should offer seminars on developing research skills for students every semester.
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