Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of school feeding program on the retention of learners in public primary schools.Methodology: This study was conducted through a descriptive survey research design. A descriptive survey is a present oriented methodology used to investigate populations by selecting samples to analyze and discover occurrences. The survey focused on 60 out of the 188 head teachers and teachers who are beneficiaries of school milk program in all the six sub counties in Mombasa i.e. Mvita, Kisauni, Likoni, Nyali, Jomvu and Changamwe.This gives 31.9 % of the total number of participants in this project. To obtain the study sample for descriptive studies 10% of the accessible population is enough. Simple random and purposive sampling procedures were used in this research.Results: School feeding program influences retention of learners in public primary schools with a reliability value of 0.8 which is considered minimal acceptable thus rejecting null hypothesis therefore meaning that school feeding program has a significant effect on retention of learners in pubic primary schools.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: School feeding programmes are often designed to enhance academic performance and cognitive development. Improved nutritional status of school-age children leads to better attention and cognition, and thus, better educational outcome. School feeding can improve attentiveness in class by reducing short-term hunger many children come to school on an empty stomach, yet they remain surrounded by the distracting and disturbing facets of the crisis. The study recommends that the ministry of education should review the School feeding Programme and extend it upper primary classes. They should prioritize supply of food to ensure continuous provision and adequate supply of food for pupils.
The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of community participation on projects implementation in arid and semi-arid regions; a case of road construction projects in Garissa County, Kenya. This is due to the fact that numerous roads development projects are either failed or stalling due to poor community participation. The objectives of the study included examining the extent to which community decision making, community human resources mobilization, community involvement in conflicts resolution, and communal projects resources providence influences the implementation of roads construction projects in arid and semi-arid Kenya. The study tested both the null and alternative hypotheses. This study was guided by two theories i.e the Community Development Theory and the Logical Framework Model. This study adopted a descriptive research design. The total target population was 3242 respondents. The sample size was 369 respondents as guided by the Krejcie and Morgan table of 1970. The instrument of data collection was a questionnaire. Pilot testing of the research instruments was conducted using contractors from the Marsabit County, since it had a similar setting. This study used content validity whereby the questionnaire was subjected to the university supervisor, three university lecturers and two students who had defended their masters theses effectively and graduated in the same course. After data was collected, the responses to the close-ended items in the data collection instrument were assigned codes and labels. Frequency counts of the responses were then obtained, to generate descriptive information about the respondents that participated in the study and to illustrate the general trend of findings on the various variables that were under investigation (as facilitated by the use of SPSS version 24.0). This involved the use of percentages and frequency tables because, according to Mugenda and Mugenda (2003), they help to summarize large quantities of data whilst making the report reader friendly. The Chi-square was used to test the hypothesis. Results indicate that majority of the respondents (90%) supported the idea that participation in roads construction decision making influences the implementation of roads projects in Garissa County. Equally, majority of the respondents (76%) supported the idea that participation by the community in human resources mobilization influences the implementation of roads projects significantly in Garissa County. In relation to the argument that community participation in conflicts resolution influences the implementation of roads projects, majority of the respondents supported the idea that community involvement in solving conflicts influences the implementation of the roads construction projects in the locality. Finally, majority of the respondents strongly supported the idea that the community plays a role in providing communal project resources like land and other raw materials (sand and stones).
Purpose: The study was therefore done to evaluate the Efficiency of Solid Waste Management Programs in Kenya- specifically Kilifi County, being guided by four specific objectives; How Public-Private Partnership(X1), Community Participation (X2), Budget Allocation (X3) and Government Policy (X4) Influence Effective SWM Programs in Kilifi county.Methodology: Descriptive design with the target population of 1,453,787drawn from Kilifi County where multistage and random sampling techniques gave sample size of 72 subjects. Data was captured using questionnaires. Data analysis was through descriptive statistics and chi square to ascertain effect of the variables using SPSS.Findings: Findings were that all the four variables of the study indeed have effect to SWM programs in Kenya. X1 Hypothesis test results revealed that the calculated χ2(223.4 = P< .001). While X2 indicated that, the Cχ2 =268.5 = P-value in the asymptotic significance column was 0.00001. X3 revealed Cχ2 =216.9 where P-value was .00001. And X4 established χ2C=201.88 with P Value and P-value was 0.0001. The study rejected all the HO and accepted H1 which established there was relationship between all the study variables and waste management programs. Illustration of R=0.532 represents the simple correlation; therefore, a moderate positive linear relationship among independent variables and effective SWM programs in Kenya existed. R2=0.283 which indicated the total difference the dependent variable is clarified by the independent variables. In this case, the four independent variables explained 28.3% of the variability in effective SWM programs in Kenya and 72.7% variation in sustainable implementation being described by external issues not discussed in this research project. Regression analysis was done model equation; Effective SWM Programs (Y) =3.197+ 0.188 Public-Private Partnership (X1) + 0.213 (Community Participation (X2) + 0.177 (Budget Allocation (X3) + 0.080(Government Policies (X4). The model described that all the elements had a positive influence on the effective SWM programs. This regression equation proved that when all other elements are held constant (no determinants or elements) effective SWM programs would be 3.197. The study concluded, public-private partnership and availability and proper management of budget allocation as key determinants of effectiveness of the SWM programs.Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: It also uncovered that community participation greatly weighs in on the performance of SWM programs thus improved greatly efficiency and effectiveness of the programs. Lastly, proper government policies must be imposed to ensure legal policy and regulatory frameworks to ensure proper governance of SWM programs and sustainability. Future research required in all Counties across the Country. This will bring relevant information that could be useful for policy framework that focuses on to promoting effectiveness of the SWM in Kenya.
Purpose: This study examined the determinants of the performance of water projects in urbanized centres based on a Case Study of Mji wa Kale in Mombasa County.Methodology: The study adopted to descriptive study with a target population of 10,069 people comprised of 10, 056 population of the sub-location (KNBS, 2019 Census), ten purified water service providers (purposive), and a respondent each from the region’s water supply regulators, i.e., Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS), Mombasa Water and Sanitation Company and Coast Water Works Agency. They were sampled using Solvins formula n = N / (1 + N e2) and simple random reduction to 15% to utilize a sample size of 70 respondents. Data was collected through the use of questionnaires and, where possible, interviews. Data analysis was through mean, frequencies, inferential statistics and descriptive methods through Statistical Package for Social Sciences - SPSS. Data was narrated and reported below frequency TablesFindings: The study found that technology uses in water supply influences the Performance of Water Projects in urbanized centres and that water services companies have the relevant technology skills required in the current trends on new innovative technologies in their supply to the commodity. The study concluded a significant relationship between the availability of natural water sources, consumer preferences of price, appropriate technology, stakeholder involvement, management skills and Performance of water projects in urbanized centres.Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The study recommends that water management committees that have untrained community members should not be entrusted to manage these facilities, leading to mismanagement and unwarranted system breakdowns. The study also recommends that project leaders and members be trained on the effective use of scarce water supplied to reduce the losses in quantity and quality of water as delivered from source through to households for use to eventual disposal. There is a need to enhance transparency and accountability levels among the committee members. There is a need for close monitoring and evaluation of water projects by implementing organizations to enhance sustainability. Community participation right from conception and design of water projects to implementation is recommended to enhance water projects' community ownership. There is a need to encourage diversified livelihoods, especially those directly supported by water resources.
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