The church attendance decision of individual economic agents is analysed within a Becker-style allocation of time framework. Using an ordered logit model with data derived from the British Household Panel Study (BHPS) separate attendance equations are estimated for males and females. The empirical results, in line with previous North American studies, suggest that labour income variables do account for some of the variation in attendance. In addition, attendance is found to be correlated with factors such as denominational affiliation, educational attainment and intensity of belief.
This paper analyses the problem of water affordability in Great Britain. The use and meaning of the term ‘affordability’ are discussed in relation to the domestic or household customers of the British water industry. Using microeconomic data from the Family Resources Survey, affordability is calibrated by income group and household composition for Scotland, England and Wales. Whilst measurement or calibration is the primary focus of the paper, the related question of the way in which an affordability threshold or benchmark might be established is considered. A critique of the various financial support mechanisms currently available to households encountering difficulties in paying water and sewerage charges is followed by a discussion of the policy implications of the research and the way in which it relates to the wider social inclusion agenda of central government.
SUMMARY
Levels of participation in organized religion differ markedly across countries, a stylized fact which has resisted a general theoretical explanation. The claim of this paper is that the international variation in religious attendance can be understood in terms of systematic differences in socio‐economic variables. In particular, national religious participation is modelled as a function of investment in religious human capital, social interactions and religious market structure. Using data for eighteen countries derived from the religious questionnaire of the International Social Survey Programme, the empirical significance of these variables is demonstrated by estimating simple regression equations.
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Es wird allgemein angenommen, dass sich die Teilnahme an kirchlichen Aktivitäten von Land zu Land unterscheidet. Für diese Annahme gibt es gegenwärtig keine überzeugende theoretische Erklärung. Dieser Artikel analysiert die Unterschiede in der Teilnahme an kirchlichen Aktivitäten anhand sozio‐ökonomischer Variablen. Nationale Unterschiede in der Religionspartizipation können vor allem durch unterschiedliche Investitionen in das religiöse Humankapital, unterschiedliche soziale Interaktionen und Unterschiede in der Struktur des Religionsmarktes erklärt werden. Mit Hilfe von einfachen Regressionsmodellen werden Daten aus 18 Ländern, die aus Fragebögen des International Social Survey Programme stammen, ausgewertet, um die empirische Signifikanz dieser Variablen zu untermauern.
RÉSUMÉ
Les niveaux de participation è une religion organisée different de fçon marquée entre lea pays, fait particulier qui échappe è des explications théoriques d'ordre général. Cette étude aboutit è la conclusion que les variations internationales en matière de participation religieuse peuvent se comprendre en termes des différences systématiques qui existent dans les variables socio‐économiques. En particulier, la participation religieuse nationale est modelée comme étant une fonction de l'investissement dans le capital humain religieu, les interactions sociales et la structure du marché religieu. A partir d'informations provenant de dix‐huit pays, tirées du questionnaire religieu élaboré par le Programme international d'ttude sociale, la signification empirique de ces variables est démontrée en estimant de simples équations de régression.
Using data from the Family Expenditure Survey, this paper analyses participation in, and expenditure on, the UK National Lottery by individuals for the period 1995/1996 to 1999/2000. Probit and truncated Tobit models are employed in a two part estimation. The results highlight the importance of gender, age, education, marital status and occupation in individual participation and expenditure decisions.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.