To determine whether abnormal T-lymphocyte precursor cells or an abnormal thymus is responsible for the immunologic deficiencies of spontaneously diabetic BB rats, thymus grafts or T-cell-depleted bone marrow cells were exchanged between diabetes-prone and non-diabetes-prone animals. Analysis of peripheral lymphocyte populations from these recipients with monoclonal antibodies, a fluorescence activated cell sorter, and mixed lymphocyte culture tests indicate that an abnormal thymus is not responsible for the immunodeficiency of BB rats, but that the defect resides within the lymphocyte precursor pool.
Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) is an indication for excisional biopsy to rule out occult breast cancer. We analyzed pathological findings on excisional biopsy for ADH diagnosed in a high volume breast center equipped with digital tomosynthesis. Two hundred consecutive patients were diagnosed with ADH on core biopsy with radiographic concordance followed by excisional biopsy. On excisional biopsy, 33 patients (16.5%) were diagnosed with DCIS or invasive breast cancer. Patients with a concurrent diagnosis of papilloma had a higher risk of upstaging on both univariate and multivariate analysis (41.7% vs. 14.9%, p=0.015). No other statistically significant predictors of upgrading were identified (p>0.05).
Recent evidence suggests that the pathogenesis of insulindependent (type I, juvenile onset) diabetes mellitus may have an important autoimmune component, possibly triggered by a viral infection. This evidence includes mononuclear infiltration of the endocrine pancreas, circulating islet cell antibodies, and a strong association with certain HLA alleles (DR3 and DR4). The biologic response (apart from allograft rejection) of diabetic hosts to transplanted islets has been examined in an animal model of spontaneous diabetes which closely resembles the human condition (the BB rat).In this syndrome, MHC-compatible islet allografts suffered autoimmune destruction even when rejection was excluded by experimental design. Implications of this finding with respect to human islet and/or pancreas transplantation are discussed.
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