Two reference electrodes for use in cryolite-based melts have been developed and tested. In the "wetted molybdenum hook" design, aluminum wets a well-defined length of molybdenum wire in cryolite saturated with alumina. The hook design allows the immersion, in the molten aluminum, of a seal between the molybdenum lead and a protective sheath. In the "densified bath inverted" design, aluminum floats above a cryolite mixture containing 30% BaF2. The reference electrodes were compared to each other and to a molybdenum wire on which aluminum had been cathodically deposited. The wetted molybdenum hook electrodes, preferred by the authors, were found to be stable with respect to each other within 5 mV for the 8h testing period.) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 169.230.243.252 Downloaded on 2015-04-13 to IP

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Forced-convection mass transfer at the metal / bath interface during aluminum reduction from cryolitic melts was studied under reproducible convective conditions. A film of molten aluminum on a rotating molybdenum cylinder was the cathode. Concentration overpotential measured as a function of rotation rate, current density, and bath composition was converted to concentration differences between the bulk and the metal surface. Chosen as the basis for calculation of a mass transfer coefficient was the concentration of aluminum fluoride given by:2p( 100 -A1203% -CaF,% -IMP%)

Two reference electrodes for use in cryolite‐based melts have been developed and te‐.