Clinical improvement of patients with NPH can be sustained for 5-7 years in some patients with NPH, even if shunt revision surgery is needed multiple times. With earlier diagnosis and treatment of NPH and the increasing lifespan of the ageing population, the need for long-term follow-up after shunt surgery for NPH may be greater than it was in the past. Monitoring, identification and treatment of shunt obstruction is a key management principle.

This cohort of conservatively managed patients with symptomatic, intramedullary spinal cord cavernomas was clinically stable throughout the follow-up period. In this series, patients harboring symptomatic spinal cord cavernous malformation did not have significant, permanent neurological decline during the follow-up period when treated with the conservative approach of observation. This data provides additional information for determining the appropriate treatment strategy for patients with intramedullary spinal cavernomas.

Dermal fillers and autologous fat transfer are effective treatment modalities for human immunodeficiency virus-associated facial lipoatrophy, with high rates of facial volume restoration and patient satisfaction. Autologous fat transfer may offer similar to superior long-term durability but with less of a financial burden compared with injectable fillers.