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Multi-year digital forensic backlogs have become commonplace in law enforcement agencies throughout the globe. Digital forensic investigators are overloaded with the volume of cases requiring their expertise compounded by the volume of data to be processed. Artificial intelligence is often seen as the solution to many big data problems. This paper summarises existing artificial intelligence based tools and approaches in digital forensics. Automated evidence processing leveraging artificial intelligence based techniques shows great promise in expediting the digital forensic analysis process while increasing case processing capacities. For each application of artificial intelligence highlighted, a number of current challenges and future potential impact is discussed.

Network forensics focuses on the identification and investigation of internal and external network attacks, the reverse engineering of network protocols, and the uninstrumented investigation of networked devices. It lies at the intersection of digital forensics, incident response and network security. Network attacks exploit software and hardware vulnerabilities and communication protocols. The scope of a network forensic investigation can range from Internet-wide down to a single device's network traffic. Network analysis tools (NATs) aid security professionals and law enforcement in the capturing, identification and analysis of network traffic. However, in most instances, the sheer volume of data to be analyzed is enormous and, despite some built-in NAT automation, the investigation of network traffic is often an arduous process. Furthermore, significant expert time remains wasted in the investigation of a high frequency of false positive alerting from automated systems. To address this globally impacting problem, artificial intelligence based approaches are becoming increasingly employed to automatically detect attacks and increase network traffic classification accuracy. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art in network forensics and the application of expert systems, machine learning, deep learning, and ensemble/hybrid approaches to a range of application areas in the field. These include network traffic analysis, intrusion detection systems, Internetof-Things devices, cloud forensics, DNS tunneling, smart grid forensics, and vehicle forensics. In addition, the current challenges and future research directions for each of the aforementioned application areas is discussed.

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Protein content in wheat plays a significant role when determining the price of wheat production. The Grain mixing problem aims to find the optimal bin pair combination with an appropriate mixing ratio to load each truck that will yield a maximum profit when sold to a set of local grain elevators. In this paper, we presented two complexity proofs for the grain mixing problem and showed that finding the optimal solutions for the grain mixing problem remains hard. These proofs follow a reduction from the 3-dimensional matching (3-DM) problem and a more restricted version of the 3-DM known as planar 3-DM problem respectively. The complexity proofs do suggest that the exact algorithm to find the optimal solution for the grain mixing problem may be infeasible.