Formalin instillation into canine bladders was followed by serial radiographic and histologic evaluation. A generalized slough of epithelial tissue was seen with the deposition of an amorphous substance. Telangiectasia resulted in moderate bleeding. No ureterovesical junction obstruction was seen and reflux occurring in 60 per cent of the animals reverted to normal. Correlation with clinical experience is made.
Intestinal mucus physiochemical properties and intestinal barrier function were most severely impacted by exposure to both trypsin (concentration related) and H/R. The "systemic" administration of TA immediately after the hypoxic period was protective and suggests an additional role for early administration of TA in trauma patients in shock.
A short-term assay method able to estimate the radiation response of human cancer tissue samples would be of great advantage to the individualization of radiotherapy in cancer patients. However, the effect of radiation on [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation by proliferating cells reflects a composite of cell cycle arrest and induced cell death pathways. Here we consider whether it is feasible to correct for cell cycle effects based on comparison of the effects of radiation and the mitotic inhibitor paclitaxel on [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation. Sixty-two short-term (7-day) cultures of human tumor tissue from 61 patients with melanoma, gynecological cancer, brain cancer, and head and neck cancer, as well as 18 5-day cultures of low passage human tumor cell lines, were irradiated at doses from 2 to 9 Gy, or exposed to paclitaxel (200 nM). [ 3 H]Thymidine incorporation was measured at the end of the incubation. Cell cycle times could be estimated from the paclitaxel data and were 2.7 to 18.6 days for melanomas, 2.5 to >40 days for carcinomas, 3.9 to 39 days for brain tumors, and 1.1 to 3.8 days for cell lines. The effects of radiation on [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation varied widely (0-97% and 0-99% inhibition for 2 and 9 Gy, respectively), and in 23 of the clinical samples, but in none of the cell lines, radiation caused significantly greater inhibition of 3 H]thymidine incorporation than paclitaxel (p < 0.05). We argue that that these differences reflect radiation-induced cell loss from G 1 phase and/or S phase. Responses of short-term cultures of clinical tumor material to radiation, with appropriate correction for cell cycle effects, might have the potential to provide information on radiation-induced cell death in individual patients.
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