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Platinum (Pt) metal, being nonmagnetic and with a strong spin-orbit coupling interaction, has been central in detecting the pure spin current and establishing most of the recent spin-based phenomena. Magnetotransport measurements, both electrical and thermal, conclusively show strong ferromagnetic characteristics in thin Pt films on the ferromagnetic insulator due to the magnetic proximity effects. The pure spin current phenomena measured by Pt, including the inverse spin Hall and the spin Seebeck effects, are thus contaminated and not exclusively established.

We use electrical detection, in combination with microwave transmission, to investigate both resonant and non-resonant magnon-photon coupling at room temperature. Spin pumping in a dynamically coupled magnon-photon system is found to be distinctly different from previous experiments. Characteristic coupling features such as modes anti-crossing, line width evolution, peculiar line shape, and resonance broadening are systematically measured and consistently analyzed by a theoretical model set on the foundation of classical electrodynamic coupling. Our experimental and theoretical approach pave the way for pursuing microwave coherent manipulation of pure spin current via the combination of spin pumping and magnon-photon coupling. PACS numbers:Coupling between electrodynamics and magnetization dynamics is a subject of cross-disciplinary and longstanding interest.The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) community has studied this effect for decades by measuring the radiation damping of NMR [1]. Engineers have routinely utilized this effect for designing microwave [2] and THz devices [3]. In condensed matter physics, such a coupling leads to the magnon polariton [4], which is an elementary excitation characterized by an intrinsic excitation gap between ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and ferromagnetic antiresonance [5]. Extrinsically, classical coupling of magnetization dynamics with its electrodynamic surrounding causes Faraday induction of both NMR [6] and FMR [7]. From the perspective of quantum physics, resonant spin-photon coupling plays a central role in utilizing quantum information [8].In 2010, a theoretical work of Soykal and Flatté [9] sparked excitement in the community of spintronics for studying the strong field interaction of magnons and microwave photons. Pioneering experiments have been performed at cryogenic temperatures by Huebl et al. [10] and Tabuchi et al. [11] on the ferromagnetic insulator Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) placed on/in a microwave cavity, in which a large normal mode splitting was found in the transmission measurements, indicating large quantumcoherent magnon-photon coupling. In October 2014, an experimental breakthrough was made by Zhang et al.[12], who demonstrated Rabi-oscillations of the coupled magnon-photon system at room temperature. In the same month, an ultrahigh cooperativity of 10 5 between magnon and photon modes was reported [13]. These exciting works reveal just the tip of the iceberg of the new field of cavity spintronics. * Current affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Colorado, 80208, USA † Electronic address: hu@physics.umanitoba.ca; URL: http://www.physics.umanitoba.ca/∼hu So far, experiments in this emerging field were performed by measuring either the transmission (S 21 ) or reflection coefficient (S 11 ) of the microwave cavity loaded with a YIG sample. The coupling strength was obtained by fitting these S parameters to the microwave input-output formalism with an added self-energy term attributed to the magnon-photon coupling. This sta...

Rapid development and application of nanomaterials and nanotechnology make assessment of their potential health and environmental impacts on humans, non-human biota, and ecosystems imperative. Here we show that pumpkin plants (Cucurbita maxima), grown in an aqueous medium containing magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles, can absorb, translocate, and accumulate the particles in the plant tissues. These results suggest that plants, as an important component of the environmental and ecological systems, need to be included when evaluating the overall fate, transport and exposure pathways of nanoparticles in the environment.

A robust and efficient non-precious metal catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction is one of the key components for carbon dioxide-free hydrogen production. Here we report that a hierarchical nanoporous copper-titanium bimetallic electrocatalyst is able to produce hydrogen from water under a mild overpotential at more than twice the rate of state-of-the-art carbon-supported platinum catalyst. Although both copper and titanium are known to be poor hydrogen evolution catalysts, the combination of these two elements creates unique copper-copper-titanium hollow sites, which have a hydrogen-binding energy very similar to that of platinum, resulting in an exceptional hydrogen evolution activity. In addition, the hierarchical porosity of the nanoporous copper-titanium catalyst also contributes to its high hydrogen evolution activity, because it provides a large-surface area for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, and improves the mass transport properties. Moreover, the catalyst is self-supported, eliminating the overpotential associated with the catalyst/support interface.