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Clear policies and expectations are key to increasing responsible service of alcohol in licensed establishments. Few training programs focus exclusively on owners and managers of alcohol establishments to reduce the risk of alcohol service. Project ARM: Alcohol Risk Management is a one-on-one consultation program for owners and managers. Participants received information on risk level, policies to prevent illegal sales, legal issues, and staff communication. This nonrandomized demonstration project was implemented in five diverse bars. Two waves of underage and pseudo-intoxicated purchase attempts were conducted pre- and postintervention in the five intervention bars and nine matched control bars. Underage sales decreased by 11.5%, and sales to pseudo-intoxicated buyers decreased by 46%. Results were in the hypothesized direction but not statistically significant. A one-on-one, outlet-specific training program for owners and managers is a promising way to reduce illegal alcohol sales, particularly to obviously intoxicated individuals.

Communities Mobilizing for Change on Alcohol (CMCA) is a 15-community randomized trial designed to develop, implement, and evaluate a 2¹⁄₂ year community organizing intervention to change policies and practices of major community institutions. Pre-and post-data were collected via: surveys of high school students, surveys of youth age 18 -20, surveys of alcohol retailers, alcohol purchase attempts, content analyses of media coverage, arrest and car crash indicators, surveys of strategy team members, and process records. Organizers and local strategy teams changed policies and practices of community institutions such as law enforcement agencies, alcohol merchants, and sponsors of community events, leading to significant changes in alcohol-related behaviors among 18-to 20-year-olds, and significant reductions in the propensity of alcohol establishments to serve alcohol to youth.