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A new anisotropic gravity‐wave‐drag parametrization‐scheme which represents high‐drag states modelled on hydraulic jump, flow blocking and internal‐wave‐reflection theory, including trapped lee‐waves, is presented. The scheme is shown to represent the breaking of waves over mountains better than previous schemes by comparison with mesoscale simulations of PYREX case studies. Extended simulations of the Meteorological Office Unified Model at climate resolution are presented, showing the impact of the new scheme and a combination of the scheme with a new orographic‐roughness parametrization. Results show a changed distribution of surface‐gravity‐wave surface‐stress, mostly due to mountain anisotropy, and a greater tendency for lower‐troposphere wavc‐drag. Inclusion of the orographic‐roughness parametrization halves the gravity‐wave stress, the combined effect of these schemes for climate integrations being a slight improvement to the tropospheric flow.

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Preoperative plasma CEA levels were measured by radioimmunoassay for 149 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. The data were used to determine the prognostic value of the CEA assay in these patients. The relationship of preoperative CEA levels with stage of disease, histology and resectability was also examined. All of the patients with CEA levels >6 ng/ml died in less than 3 years while all of the patients who survived 3 to 5 years had preoperative CEA levels 56 ng/ml. The CEA assay had no prognostic significance for patients with undifferentiated large or small cell carcinomas since all of the patients with undifferentiated large cell carcinoma had CEA levels 56.0 ng/ml and all of the patients with small cell carcinoma have died regardless of their initial preoperative plasma CEA value. The number of patients in these two histologic groups was small and perhaps the study of additional patients will show a critical CEA level for these patients as well. There was no correlation observed between CEA levels 56 ng/ml vs. >6 ng/ml and resectability of the primary tumor.The studies indicate, however, that preoperative CEA levels are of prognostic value in patients with epidermoid and adenocarcinoma who have values >6 ng/ml since all of these patients have died and all of the long term survivors had levels 1 6 ng/ml.

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Recombinant live attenuated type A and B influenza virus vaccines derived from standardized cold-adapted parent strains were given singly and in combination to volunteers. The vaccine viruses were well tolerated, functioned as good antigens, and failed to spread to intimate household contacts. Thirty-nine isolates that were recovered after a single passage in humans appeared genetically stable. The results of histopathologic studies in ferrets encourage development of an animal model for attenuation of the virus.