The present metallic distribution in northwestern Mexico is the culmination of superposed magmatism, tectonism, erosion, and burial over more than 150 m.y. Detailed palinspastic reconstructions of preextensional configurations-the first study of its kind for this region-clarify the interplay among these features on the present distribution and character of mineralized geologic systems. This new synthesis goes beyond previous metallogenic investigations of northwestern Mexico by separating events into specific timing and structural relationships, and by restoring the geology to its preextensional configuration. Metallogenic factors such as enrichment, preservation, and erosion play major roles in the present distributions and for the first time are related to the overall metallogenic framework of northwestern Mexico. The analysis concludes that modern metallogenic patterns are the result of the complex superposition and subsequent redistribution of geologic systems in a way that is related directly to the regional history, rather than simply metallic belts or interpreted angle of a subducting slab. Three main extensional events in the Oligocene-Holocene have been restored, and the palinspastic distributions have been analyzed. Reconstructions reveal the following: (1) Mineralization events, igneous centers, and sedimentary sequences are continuous across the Gulf of California and other areas with large amounts of extension. (2) Middle Tertiary gold-silver mineralization in Baja California may be the western part of the Sierra Madre Oc
The exploitation of minerals has played a significant role in population growth and development of the U.S.-Mexico border region. Recent proposed changes in regulations related to mining in the United States and changes in mining and investment regulations in Mexico have led to increased mineral exploration and development in Mexico, especially in the border region. As a preliminary step in the study of the mineral industry of this area, the Center for Inter-American Mineral Resource Investigations (CIMRI) of the U.S. Geological Survey has compiled mine and occurrence data for nonfuel minerals in the border region. Analysis of this information indicates that a wide variety of metallic and industrial mineral commodities are present which can be used in agriculture, infrastructure, environmental improvement, and other industries. Therefore, mining will continue to play a significant role in the economy of this region.
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