Major offshore developments initiated or planned in recent years to ease the energy crisis include mono-buoys and docking islands for VLCCs and offshore nuclear power plants. Legislative requirements for environmental studies needed for licensing of such facilities is discussed as well as the scope of work needed for comprehensive environmental evaluations. Emphasis is placed on special considerations such as oil and LNG spilis and movements, and dredging. Experience gained in ongoing studies will be of importance in planning similar projects.
Recent world-wide statistical data show that. tanker spills generally amount to about 160 barrels. of oil per million barrels shipped, of which between 40-70 barrels are spilled at the receiving port. This historical data base can be adapted to proposed deepwater ports in. order t9_ calcul~ate the spill expectation at those ports. The methodology takes into account conditions existing at the proposed ports that afford~enefits_not occurring at the data base ports. By taking credit for these conditions, expected tanker spillage at two proposed deepwater ports (SEADOCK and LOOP) is demonstrated to range between 0.2 and 2 ppm of throughput, a much lower rate than that experienced at conventional ports.
This paper was prepared for the Eastern Regional Meeting to be held in Columbus, Ohio, November 8–9, 1972. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon requested to the Editor of the appropriate journal, provided agreement to give proper credit is made. Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers office. Such discussion may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines. Abstract Many areas of the United States are suitable for the underground storage of hydrocarbons from both a geologic and an economic viewpoint. This potential for underground storage has not been explored or developed to any great extent along the eastern seaboard, although the need for underground storage continues to increase. A growth in demand for clean fuels and changes in the availability of domestic natural gas supply for the eastern seaboard point to a present need for evaluating the potential for underground storage of gas supplies from other sources. Specifically, aquifer storage facilities for natural gas derived from domestic or imported sources and from increasing imports of liquefied natural gas, should be developed for both curve-shaping and peak-shaving requirements. This aquifer storage could be used to meet increasing gas demands resulting from population growth, particularly in inland areas excluded particularly in inland areas excluded from ready deliverability provided by LNG vaporization facilities. In addition, the same aquifer storage facilities could find a future use in handling supplies of gas from domestic synthetic natural gas. Cavern storage of LPG or reformed products for the northeast should also products for the northeast should also be developed. Cavern storage would handle increased demands for products such as propane, butane, naptha, fuel, oil and propane, butane, naptha, fuel, oil and crude. The total potential for cavern storage has not been adequately assessed in terms of future needs. The technical feasibility of both aquifer and cavern underground storage depends largely upon geologic conditions. The economic feasibility can readily be estimated by comparison with other storage operations. An analysis is made of existing geologic conditions (on a regional basis) and specific recommendations are made relative to the development of underground storage facilities along the eastern seaboard.
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