As temporal bone imaging techniques continue to improve, it is likely that we will see an increase in the detection ofpneumolabyrinth. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how air enters the labyrinth. A small number of authors has reported an association between pneumolabyrinth and temporal bone fractures, perilymphatic fistulae, and displaced stapes prostheses. In this article, we describe a new case ofpneumolabyrinth that was seen as a late complication ofstapes surgery, and. we summarize what is known about this rare condition.
Granular cell tumors are relatively uncommon soft tissue lesions that originate in Schwenn's cells. Although these tumors (an occur at any site, their presence in the parotid gland is very unusual. This article describes one such case in a 48-year-old woman,followed by a briefreview of the literature on this subject.
The juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a fibrous and benign tumor with very peculiar development. However, it usually presents with different conformations. The aim of this study is to analyze the JNA shape, trying to determine whether the patient's age and/or tumor vascularization are determinant factors to these different conformations. Methods: We analyzed the tumor conformation using CT scans of 33 patients attended between 1983 and 1995, correlating these findings with patient age and blood supply pattern (by angiography). As the invasion of the multiple sites does not occur at the same level, all invaded sites do not appear in the same tomographic section. Thus, to represent the conformation of the tumor, we recorded its extensions in standardized plots along the axial and coronal planes. The routes of invasion of the sites was inferred by observing the dislocation and/or erosion of osseous boundaries by the tumor. Results: From its origin, the JNA grows in all directions as primary branches (lateral extension occurred in 82% cases, superior in 82%, posterior in 30%, anterior in 66%, medial in 54%) that presented different rates of development, determining multiple shapes. The primary branches bifurcated in secondary branches in 33% of cases, determining additional variability to tumor shape. Three sites were invaded from more than 1 route (maxillary sinus, pterygoid fossa, and cranial fossa). The correlation between different conformation and age and/or blood supply pattern was not significant. Conclusion: The JNA does not develop as a regular benign tumor, concentric from the origin. The JNA grows as multiple branches. The tumor shape is determined by the rate of development of the primary and secondary branches, which do not seem to be determined by age or blood supply.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.