The synthesis of ,B-lactamase in response to 2-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-benzoyl-6aminopenicillanic acid as inducer was studied in Staphylococcus aureus. The inducer was not detectably hydrolyzed by f3-lactamase and had minimal antibacterial activity. The kinetics of induction showed a lag of 4 to 6 min in a nutrient broth medium and 8 to 12 min in a defined medium, followed by constant differential rates of synthesis of ,B-lactamase. The differential rate of ,B-lactamase synthesis in nutrient broth was unaltered by supplementing the medium with glucose, galactose, lactose, arabinose, glycerol, or sucrose. Variations in the partial pressure of oxygen did not alter the differential rate of synthesis of ,B-lactamase over the range 18 to 50% oxygen in nitrogen. Even when the rate of growth was considerably reduced by high-oxygen tension, the differential rate of synthesis of the enzyme remained the same. The differential rate of ,B-lactamase synthesis at low inducer concentration increased after a shift down in growth rate. The effect was observed with several inducers and under different nutritional conditions, but was always preceded by a change in growth rate. It is suggested that the change in growth rate itself causes the increase in differential rate of ,B-lactamase synthesis.
BPX recognised that a radically different approach was required in the management of its mature North Sea oil fields. In January 1994 the Beatrice, Buchan, Clyde and Thistle fields were brought together into a single mature asset -MAST -with the objectives of maximising economic recovery, extending the delivery of positive cash flows and deferring non-value adding abandonment expenditure. During 1994 the MAST team has achieved top quartile business performance when compared to other North Sea operators and aims to be best in class by the end of 1995. This has come about through aggressive cost reduction and maintaining/enhancing oil production, yet sustaining an already good HSE performance.Key to this success has been the use of benchmarking data, the setting of extra-ordinary targets, the proactive evolution of the market place, the use of novel organisational structures and the encouragement of certain behaviours within the team. Success to date has provided the space to consider opportunities for growth such that there is now confidence that the MAST business will continue to make a positive cash flow contribution to BPX into the next millenium.
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