The use of organic fertilizer provides soil with macronutrients, micronutrients, and organic acids which improve the long-term physical, chemical, and biological fertility of the soil. This research aims to: 1) Increase physical and chemical soil fertility, 2) Acquire the interaction between organic fertilizer and Ponska fertilizer dosage on sweet corn crops, 3) Acquire the most efficient dosage of PONSKA fertilizer on sweet corn, and 4) disseminate research results through journal articles and directly to farmers. This research will increase the efficiency of NPK Ponska chemical fertilizers by utilizing waste from around the farm and lakes to formulate organic fertilizer to apply on sweet corn crops and as a reference to teaching material. Factorial research with two factors was designed using a randomized block design. Factor I (A) = Organic fertilizer formulation, comprising of A1 = 20 ton/ha, A2 = 30 ton/ha, and A3 = 40 ton/ha. Factor II (B) = Phonska fertilizer, comprising of B1 = 25 % Ponska, and B2 = 50% Ponska. Every treatment was replicated four times, yielding 24 research plots. Response variables observed were: Plant height, number of leaves, dry weight of the plant. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Tukey's honest significance difference test (alpha = 0.05) if significant differences were found. Results showed that the interaction between organic and Phonska fertilizer formulations had significant effects on plant height. A dosage of 40 ton/ha of organic fertilizer can decrease the use of phonska fertilizer by 75% based on the height of sweet corn plants.
Traditional gold mining in Toraut Watershed Bolaang Mongondow District was used Merkuri Amalgamation that produced tailing. Tailing are discharged to river and environment sorounding that can enter Toraut River and flows to the down stream Mongondow river (beach Inobonto). This study aims: 1) To determine Hg concentrations in River Toraut up stream, middle stream and down stream; 2) To determine Hg concentrations in sediment of the River Toraut up stream, middle stream and down stream; 3) To determine Hg concentrations in aquatic plantsof the River Toraut up stream, middle stream and down stream. Location research in River Toraut up stream, middle stream and down stream. Data collected by observation and laboratory analysis Merkuri concentration in River Toraut, sediment, and aquatic plant. Method data analysis are descriptif, Graphic Method and to compare with standart Goverment PP. No.82/2001 Class II. The analysis showed that the concentration of Merkuri in River Toraut up stream, in the middle stream and down stream is<0.00005 mg/l. The concentration of Merkuri in sediments River Toraut up stream, the middle stream and down stream ranged < 0.05-1.45 mg/kg dry. The concentration of Merkuri in tissue plant aquatic location up stream of the River Toraut, the middle stream and down stream range < 0.001-0.013 mg /kg wet . ABSTRAKPengolahan emas secara tradisional di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Toraut menggunakan Merkuri (Hg) dalam proses amalgamasi menghasilkan limbah. Limbah pengolahan tersebut dibuang ke sungai dan lingkungan sekitar dapat masuk ke Sungai Toraut dan mengalir sampai ke Sungai Mongondow hilir serta bermuara di laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) Konsentrasi Merkuri (Hg) di air Sungai Toraut bagian hulu, tengah dan hilir; 2) Konsentrasi Merkuri (Hg) di sedimen Sungai Toraut bagian hulu, tengah dan hilir; 3) Konsentrasi Merkuri (Hg) di tanaman air yang terdapat di Sungai Toraut bagian hulu, tengah dan hilir. Lokasi penelitian adalah Sungai Toraut bagian hulu, tengah dan hilir.Cara penelitianadalah observasi lapang dan analisis laboratorium konsentrasi merkuri yang terdapat di air Sungai Toraut, sedimen dan tanaman air. Metode analisis secara deskriptif, tabelaris dan membandingkan dengan standar baku mutu PP No.82/2001 Kelas II. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Konsentrasi Merkuri di Sungai Toraut bagian hulu, bagian tengah dan bagian hilir adalah<0,00005 mg/l. Konsentrasi Merkuri di sedimen Sungai Toraut bagian hulu, bagian tengah dan bagian hilir berkisar antara <0,05-1,45mg/ kg dry. Konsentrasi merkuri di jaringan tanaman air lokasi Sungai Toraut bagian hulu, bagian tengah dan bagian hilir berkisar antara <0,001-0,013mg/ kg wet. Kata kunci: biomonitoring, dampak ekologis merkuri, DAS Toraut Eugenia
The kulo chrysanthemum variety is a North Sulawesi local variety characterized by large white flowers. The new variety was introduced barely two years ago, yet it has gained considerable popularity among flower farmers in Tomohon City as well as in Manado, Tondano, and around the Minahasa and North Minahasa regencies. The growing interest in this particular variety has increased the demand for nursery stock resulting in a shortage of supply. The conventional plantlet propagation method i.e. one seed to grow one plant, is deemed very time consuming and has poor plantlet yield. It is therefore necessary to explore other plantlet propagation methods that can produce high yield in a relatively short period of time. One of the best techniques for plantlet propagation is tissue culture. The success of tissue culture in producing high plantlet yield is determined by the use of appropriate plant growth regulators. Accurate concentrations of growth regulators are vital in achieving an optimum yield. Consequently, determining the exact concentrations is a major issue in the tissue culture method. Cytokinins are commonly used as growth regulators in shoot and plantlet propagations. However, different types of cytokinins may have different effects on shoot generation from the nodal explants used in particular in vitro propagations. The kulo chrysanthemum variety has never been propagated using the nodal explant tissue culture technique and may respond differently than other varieties. Therefore, it is essential to determine which types of cytokinins are most suited to stimulate its shoot and plantlet propagations.
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