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Gamma‐ray spectroscopy offers a rapid and reliable radiometric method of analysis of uranium and/or thorium ores. Methods of ore analysis are described and experimental results are presented. The uranium‐thorium ratios of rocks, which are important in strata recognition and correlation studies, can be determined directly by gamma‐ray spectroscopy without the necessity of making individual uranium or thorium assays. Analysis of potash ores is facilitated with a gamma‐ray spectrometer. Erratic behavior of gamma‐ray well logs can often be resolved by studying the gamma‐ray spectra of these logs. Neutron‐activation, followed by gamma‐ray spectral analysis, of common earth materials offers a method of borehole rock analysis for elements such as calcium, hydrogen, chlorine, sulphur and magnesium. Data in studies employing radioactive tracers can often be enhanced through use of a gamma‐ray spectrometer. Other present and potential applications of the gamma‐ray spectrometer in mineral exploration are also discussed.

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A criterion is suggested for discrimination between ferromanganese oxide minerals, deposited after the introduction of manganese and associated elements in sea water solution at submarine vulcanism, and minerals which are slowly formed from dilute solution, largely of continental origin. The simlultaneous injection of thorium into the ocean by submarine vulcanism is indicated, and its differentiation from continental thorium introduced into the ocean by runoff is discussed.