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Speech research has made tremendous progress in the past using the following paradigm: dene the research problem, collect a corpus to objectively measure progress, and solve the research problem. Natural language research, on the other hand, has typically progressed without the benet of any corpus of data with which to test research hypotheses. We describe the Air Travel Information System (ATIS) pilot corpus, a corpus designed to measure progress in Spoken Language Systems that include both a speech and natural language component. This pilot marks the rst full-scale attempt to collect such a corpus and provides guidelines for future eorts. Corpus Collection About one session a day was conducted, using subjects recruited from within Texas Instruments. A typical session included approximately 20 minutes of introduction, 40 minutes of query time and 10 minutes for follow-up. Each session resulted in two speech les for each query and a complete log of the session. Figure 1 depicts the session procedure.

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This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments, and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases, JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies.

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