On May 7, 2020, the Coalition for Physician Accountability's released “Medical Students in the Class of 2021: Moving Across Institutions for Post Graduate Training,” which comprises official recommendations on keeping programs and medical students safe during the upcoming match cycle with the challenges posed by COVID-19. In these recommendations, away rotations are discouraged, and all programs are compelled to commit to virtual interviews. Unlike employers and applicants in other industries, orthopaedic residency/fellowship programs and candidates seeking those positions have not routinely conducted virtual interviews. Without in-person interviews, applicants may perceive a limited ability to demonstrate their qualifications, judge program culture, and gauge ultimate program compatibility. Likewise, programs may perceive the inability to evaluate a candidate in real time, physically show program strengths, and ultimately judge applicant compatibility. Careful preparation and execution of a virtual interview can overcome these perceived limitations, whereas benefits, such as decreased cost for both programs and applicants, can make virtual interviews appealing. The purpose of this review was to help define a virtual interview, illustrate the benefits, and offer tips to both programs and applicants on how to prepare and perform optimally on an interview day.
The scaphoid cortical ring sign (CRS) has been identified as a radiological indicator of ligamentous injury of the wrist. It has been associated with some pathokinematic states. There exists a range of wrist positions where the CRS may be normally present. The purpose of this study was to define the range of motion when the CRS can normally be observed on a standard posteroanterior radiograph and, in turn, to define the range where the CRS is not expected to be present. One hundred and nine posteroanterior radiographs of normal wrists were evaluated for the presence, partial presence and absence of the scaphoid CRS. The results were correlated with the radio-metacarpal (RM) angle in neutral palmar-dorsiflexion of the wrist. The range of wrist deviation for the wrists studied was -10.0 degrees (radial deviation) to 23.0 degrees (ulnar deviation). We defined the normal (and abnormal) range as being two standard deviations from the mean. The CRS was present in 25% of the radiographs evaluated. Moreover, the CRS was found to be present at 2.7 degrees (+/-7.7 degrees ) of radial deviation with a calculated range of -18.1 degrees to 12.7 degrees. The CRS was absent at 12.4 degrees (+/-11.7 degrees ) of ulnar deviation. It is concluded that the CRS observed at values less than 13 degrees of ulnar deviation may or may not be abnormal. If the CRS is observed at a RM angle of 13 degrees of ulnar deviation or greater, it should be considered pathological. The CRS, however, should be used in conjunction with other clinical findings of carpal instability.
Bui et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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