The SISDEP was efficient in segmenting the lungs and quantifying lung hyperinflation, presenting an excellent correlation with the Osiris system. The SISDEP constitutes a promising computational tool for diagnosing and assessing the progression of emphysema in HRCT images of COPD patients.
This paper presents a comparative study of modelling and segmentation of P and T waves in electrocardiograms, using three different mathematical models: Gaussian function, a composition of two Gaussian functions and Rayleigh probability density function (Rayleigh pdf). In order to evaluate the adaptability and the matching degree between each model and each characteristic wave, we compute the normalized root mean square (RMS) error, as well as the evolution of the fitting parameters related to each kernel throughout ECG records from the well-known QT database. Concerning the delineation of P and T-waves, we apply Wavelet Transform for estimating T-wave and P-wave peak locations and combine each developed model with an approach based on the computation of Trapezium's area to locate the end point of each T-wave and the beginning and end point of each P-wave. The composition of two Gaussian functions has shown the most accurate results concerning wave modelling, providing average values of normalized RMS equal to 9,15% and 18,70%, respectively for Twave and P-wave, and the Rayleigh pdf provided the most stable fitting parameters. For T-wave end location, the most accurate results were computed when using the kernel composition of two Gaussian functions, for which the average time error was 4,49 ± 14,32 ms. For P-wave begin and P-wave end locations, the most accurate results were computed when using kernel Rayleigh pdf, for which the average time errors were, respectively,-4,23 ± 14,84 ms and 2,26 ± 13,14 ms.
Until these days, for most people art is something that is abstract, hard to understand, and beyond their capability to understand. Every people asked about art will have their own opinion or definition about art, and these definitions are various to each other. For the student who is in the middle of class or course especialy the one that is related to art, the unpleasent impact of not knowing what is the meaning of art will be experienced in every class, especially in the History of Western Art, History of Indonesian Art or History of Graphic Design. Students who don’t understand the meaning of art will have difficult time to absorb what exactly the purpose of art is, why human made art, which item is art and which item is not art. This writing tries to explain the definition of art from several diffrent angles of view. The goal of the writing is to make the students who are in the middle of learning anything relating to art, first have an understanding about what art is. For the lecturer, this writing will give them something to make their work easy on lecturing about anything relating to art because the student has already understood about what art is.
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