Detailing joints are important when designing structures. In this design process, a structure is divided into different joint types. Digital fabrication and algorithmic aided design have changed the conceptions and requirements of joint detailing. However, parametric tools that can efficiently identify joint types based on the solution space are not available. This article presents a methodology that efficiently generates topological relations and enables the user to assign joint instances to joint types. A series of property-based search criteria components is applied to define the solution space of a joint type. Valid joints are coherently filtered, deconstructed and outputted for detailing. The article explains both the methodology and programming-related aspects of the joint type filtering. The article concludes that the developed methodology offers the desired flexibility and may be suitable for other materials and applications.
With the rapid pace of drilling wells to tap unconventional oil and gas resources in the U. S., there is a need for further understanding of the fundamentals of reservoir mechanics that control well productivities. Wells with more than 5 years of data provide the opportunity to understand flow mechanisms affecting well productivity. What is particularly important is to test the validity and appropriateness of decline curve forecasting methods advocated in the literature over the last several years. To explain the unique and similar performance trends from unconventional wells, there are a number of issues that are gradually getting attention. Among these are the causes of rapid production decline seen after the initial peak. Certainly the physics of flow conditions causing the decline is not captured when regression analysis of production data is used with various decline models. Based on earlier studies, there is selfsimilarity among fractures formed during hydraulic fracturing. As discussed in the literature; the transient pressure behavior of complex self-similar fractures is equivalent to that for a single fracture. As such it is the flow capacity of the equivalent fracture that controls the behavior seen in actual performance of hydraulically fractured wells.To test the applicability and weaknesses of commonly practiced regression models, we examined the performance of number of wells with production histories exceeding five years We used more than 40 examples from various shale plays all showing the loss of fracture quality resulting in lower flow capacity within the fracture network. The dynamic change in flow capacity is certainly not captured when decline curves are used that do not honor the flow regime's changes. As such, there can be major uncertainties associated with estimated EUR's from decline analysis techniques
<p>Digital workflows are already widely used by the designers (architects and engineers) in creating a better Building Information Modelling (BIM) data flow. In the core of this design method is a para- metric model, which thanks to open source software can be easily customized according to the pro- ject or user needs. Shell or gridshell structures are very sensitive on the external loads, due to the low weight and big span. The accuracy and reliability are therefore a crucial point in design. More and more architects are using parametrical models, based on visual programing (like Grasshopper or Dynamo) to develop form of spatial structure. The parametric model in shell design gives a high precision in creating BIM model and is the starting point for the structural analysis. In this paper we will present a design method, in which the parametric model is not only the starting point for struc- tural analysis. Thanks to a well-established digital workflow it can occur, that structural analysis is made simultaneously with architectural form finding of the shell. The digital workflow, developed by our research group is based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). The design methodology is to create two kind of structural analyses. The first one, called global, is using beam elements to inves- tigate the general forces and deformations. The second one, called local, is using solid/volume ele- ments to investigate the connection solution. Thanks to fast information transfer between this two analysis and automation of this process, the architect can achieve information about feasibility of the whole designed structure in real time. To validate our approach the timber gridshell was de- signed. The structure with nontrivial shape and customized each of the 61 nodes, was build in 2016 in Trondheim. The nodes were manufactured with usage of the 3D printing technology.</p>
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