The deterministic design of the "Alpha-Beta" filter and the stochastic design of its Kalman counterpart are placed on a common basis. The first step is to find the continuous-time filter architecture which transform into the alpha-beta discrete filter via the method of "impulse invariance." This yields relations between filter bandwidth and damping ratio and the coefficients, Q and p. In the Kalman case, these same coefficients are related to a defined stochastic signal-to-noise ratio and to a defined normalized tracking error variance. These latter relations are obtained from a closed form, unique, positive-definite solution l o the matrix Ricatti equation for the tracking error covariance. A nomograph is given, relating the stochastic and deterministic designs.
Computer aided process planning (CAPP) is an effective way to integrate computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM). There are two key issues with the integration: design input in a feature‐based model and acquisition and representation of process knowledge especially empirical knowledge. This paper presents a state of the art review of research in computer integrated manufacturing using neural network techniques. Neural network‐based methods can eliminate some drawbacks of the conventional approaches, and therefore have attracted research attention particularly in recent years. The four main issues related to the neural network‐based techniques, namely the topology of the neural network, input representation, the training method and the output format are discussed with the current systems. The outcomes of research using neural network techniques are studied, and the limitations and future work are outlined.
Flight management systems for large, commercial aircraft are quite common, as are inexpensive, user-friendly personal computers. Can the two ideas be combined to yield affordable, flight management systems for smaller aircraft? This paper shows the answer to be "Yes!"Increasing air traffic control (ATC) requirements raises the workload of pilots. Required tasks dictate more "head-in-thecockpit" computation, which can easily distract a pilot from safe airplane operation. Following eight years of research, we present an on-board computational system that increases pilot situational awareness, decreases diversion to routine computations, and anticipates upcoming needs.The key to anticipatory flight management is an expert system that uses knowledge of ATC procedures, aircraft operating procedures and limitations, and aircraft performance to infer current flight operating "mode" without direct pilot intervention or input. A flight mode interpreter (FMI) enables automatic display selection, pilot advice, and warning.
The authors present a method for representing Ndimensional fuzzy mcmbership functions. The proposed method is a generalization of the one-dimensional trapezoidal membership function commonly used in fuzzy systems. The issue of correlation between input variables and a decrease in tht, rule base size is the motivation for extending the definii fion of membership functions into more than one domain. The approach outlined in this paper is focused by practical considerations and use of a Bayesian version of ,fuzzy logic which requires that set membership sum to lone, The fuzzy partitioning which stems from the pres(1mted method is parameterized by M+I values, yielding an eficient mechanism for designing complex fizzy systems.
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