Similar to the AUA guidelines in adults, most stones less than 3 mm. in diameter in the distal ureter of children will pass spontaneously. Stones 4 mm or greater in the distal ureter are likely to require endosurgical treatment. Ureteroscopy and shock wave lithrotripsy have a high success rate for stones between 4 and 15 mm. in the distal ureter. Needle ureteroscope and laser lithotripsy have allowed more stones to be treated safely and effectively in smaller children.

No abstract

The dartos flap is easy to mobilize and it provides excellent coverage for repeat proximal hypospadias surgery, since the dartos remains undisturbed. We endorse its use for complex urethral surgery and believe that the extra layer of closure helps to prevent urethrocutaneous fistulas.

The dartos flap is easy to mobilize and it provides excellent coverage for repeat proximal hypospadias surgery, since the dartos remains undisturbed. We endorse its use for complex urethral surgery and believe that the extra layer of closure helps to prevent urethrocutaneous fistulas.