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The effects of snowmobile traffic on the winter home-ranges, movements, and activity patterns, of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), were studied during two winters in northern Wisconsin. There were no significant differences in home-range size and habitat use of the Deer in areas with and without snowmobiling. However, snowmobiling caused some Deer to leave the immediate vicinity of the snowmobile trail. Deer were most affected when they were within 61 m of the snowmobile trail.

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This paper presents techniques for determining nonperiodic spacing of events for the purpose of reshaping noise-frequency spectra. The object of the application is to provide reduced noise levels and the redistribution of the frequencies at which there is noise energy so as to generate fewer perceptible sounds. Three armlytical techniques for predicting the noise spectrum resulting from nonuniform spacing are presented. Emphasis is focused on a semigraphical design technique using Bessel functions, which has proven to be of great value in the actual selection of modulated event spacing. Fourier analysis of an impulse approximation and a sinusoidal wave approximation are two other alternative techniques presented. The techniques outlined are applied to the problem of reshaping the noise spectrum of a 22-blade fan in a 5-hp induction motor. A comparison of predicted results provides an evaluation of the alternative approaches.