Haplotypic characterization of the olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) in northwest Mexico: the northernmost limit of its distribution. The olive ridley sea turtle (L. olivacea) has a pantropical distribution. In the Eastern Pacific, the official limits of its reproduction area are south of the Baja California peninsula and south of Sinaloa, Mexico. Ceuta beach in Elota, Sinaloa, Mexico, has served as a protection site for L. olivacea for over three decades. In this study, the L. olivacea population from Ceuta beach was genetically characterized. Specifically, a 712-bp fragment from the control region of mtDNA was amplified from 32 olive ridley turtles. Eight haplotypes (seven after cutting to ~468 bp) were identified, and these included two novel haplotypes (Lo-T7 and Lo-T8) and five haplotypes that were previously identified in other nesting beaches. The Lo-T2 haplotype was dominant (~60 %) in the samples: h = 0.6048 (± 0.0974) and π = 0.002212 (± 0.001504). Although this study was conducted in the northernmost limit of the olive ridley turtle nesting distribution in the eastern Pacific, the sampled group presents moderate genetic diversity and belongs to a population that, on an evolutionary scale, only recently underwent demographic expansion. Because the olive ridley turtle in the eastern Pacific is considered resilient to environmental variation, nesting area studies in northwest Mexico are necessary.
ResumenLos tillandsiales (formaciones vegetales dominadas por plantas del género Tillandsia) son ecosistemas permanentes que se encuentran en la costa peruana y chilena. Con el objetivo de estudiar la densidad y distribución espacial de Tillandsia latifolia en el Cerro Piedra Campana (Lima, Perú) y su relación con la topografía y el sustrato, fueron realizadas 72 parcelas cuadrangulares de 100 m 2 , donde se contabilizaron el número de rametos y genetos; en los rametos se anotó el estadio fenológico. La densidad promedio de genetos, de rametos y la cobertura promedio fueron de 60.58 genetos/parcela, 235.03 rametos/parcela y 9.60% respectivamente; estos valores fueron más altos en las parcelas con orientación al mar, en las quebradas y en zonas arenosas en comparación con aquellos que tenían orientación noroeste y noreste, que se encontraban en laderas y que se situaban en zonas rocosas (p<0.05 en todos los casos). La proporción rametos/geneto fue de 3.71 rametos/geneto, encontrándose promedios más altos en las zonas que tenían orientación suroeste y noreste. La proporción de rametos en estadío de inflorescencia fue mayor en las parcelas de la zona oeste al igual que los individuos en floración (sobre todo en zonas arenosas); los individuos en fructificación fueron más abundantes en la zona este, lo que revela asincronía demográfica en la población estudiada. Se discute el rol de la topografía y el sustrato en la distribución espacial de esta especie en el área evaluada. Palabras clave Tillandsial, densidad poblacional, desierto, asíncronía demográfica, distribución espacial, Tillandsia latifolia. AbstractTillandsial lomas (vegetal communities dominated by plants of the genera Tillandsia) are ecosystems distributed in the coast of Peru and Chile. In order to study the density and spatial distribution of Tillandsia latifolia in Cerro Piedra Campana (Lima, Perú) and its relation to the topography and substrate, 72 plots of 100m 2 were placed in the area. The number of ramets (and its phenological stage) and genets were counted in each plot. The mean density of genets, ramets and the mean coverage was 60.58 genets/plot, 235.03 ramets/plot and 9.60% respectively; these values were the highest in plots facing the sea, in streams, and in sandy areas compared to those with northwest and northeast orientation, that were on hillsides and in rocky areas (p <0.05 in all cases). The proportion ramets/genet was 3.71 with the highest mean values obtained in plots facing southwest and northeast. The proportion of ramets in stage of inflorescence was the highest in the plots facing the sea, the highest proportion of flowering individuals were found in the west side of the study area (specially in sandy areas); fruiting individuals were more abundant in the east side (p<0.05 in all cases) revealing demographic asynchrony in the population. The role of topography and substrate on the spatial distribution of this species in the area are discussed.
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