This entry in the Catalogue comes immediately after the Rhodian contingent under Tlepolemos, and immediately before Achilles' Myrmidons. None of the three leaders appears elsewhere, nor are any of their relatives mentioned elsewhere, with the exception, of course, of Herakles, grandfather of Pheidippos and Antiphos. Of the islands over which they rule, only Kos is mentioned again.There can be no reason to doubt the identification of Syme, Nisyros, Krapathos, and Kasos, with the islands which still bear those names, apart from a slight and normal change in the case of Krapathos—Karpathos. By Κῶς Εὐρυπύλοιο πόλις is presumably meant a city on the site of the present Kos-town, called elsewhere Μερόπις. Thus the Delian Hymn to Apollo refers to Kos as πόλις Μερόπων ἀνθρώπων. This is borne out by the other references to Kos in the Iliad, for there it is given the epithet εὖ ναιομένην, which elsewhere seems to be applied to cities.The problem of what Homer meant by νῆσοι Καλύδναι was already being discussed in Strabo's time. He says that the general opinion (φασί) was that νῆσοι Καλύδναι meant Kalymna and the islands near by, Kalymna perhaps being once called Καλύδνα, but that some said that Leros and Kalymna were meant, while Demetrios of Skepsis held that Καλύδναι was a plural similar to Ἀθῆναι or Θῆβαι. While there does not seem to be any good evidence that Kalymna (= Kalymnos) was alone ever called Καλύδνα or Καλύδναι, there is no doubt that the people of Kalymna and the adjacent islands—presumably Telendos and Pserimos, and possibly also Kalolimnos—were called Καλύδνιοι in the fifth century B.C.
We here conclude the series of reports on our journeys in the Dodecanese Islands. The work on Rhodes, begun by Mr. and Mrs. Lazenby and Hope Simpson in August 1968, was continued by Mr. and Mrs. Hope Simpson during the end of August and early September 1970. Hope Simpson also made a short visit to Chalki in September, and a longer visit to Astypalaia in October. As previously, our main objective has been to gauge the extent of prehistoric, and especially of Mycenaean, habitation in the Dodecanese. We have now visited all the main islands, for varying periods of time and with varying degrees of success. Much still remains to be done, and the results are subject to the usual limitations inherent in surface exploration. There was, for instance, no time to complete a full survey of the island of Rhodes, and our work there was more in the nature of a ‘reconnaissance in force’. It should be explained, however, that in addition to the usual obstacles of the terrain, the widespread Hellenistic and Roman settlements on Rhodes have evidently covered or obliterated most of the signs of earlier habitation on the same sites. On Astypalaia, for instance, conditions were much more favourable for eclectic surface search, and the measure of success was accordingly greater.
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