In this paper, we discuss the deployment and testing of an intelligent real-time isolated intersection traffic control system (IICS), designed to optimize simultaneously signal control and automated vehicle (AV) and connected vehicle (CV) trajectories for low demand condition. The work described here is part of an ongoing larger project (funded by the National Science Foundation and the Florida Department of Transportation, FDOT) to develop, test, and deploy the IICS. The focus of this paper is on the deployment and testing of the algorithm at the Traffic Engineering and Research Laboratory (TERL), FDOT’s closed-course facility. The algorithm (described in more detail elsewhere) optimizes signal control and provides optimal AV and CV trajectories at isolated intersections. The algorithm is designed to handle AV, CV, and conventional vehicles in a mixed traffic and low demand condition. The paper provides an overview of the IICS framework, discusses the development and testing of the necessary software and hardware, and presents the scenarios tested at the TERL. The results from the field test confirm the feasibility of the IICS, and will be used to enhance it for future testing and ultimately for field deployment and in high demand condition.
Much theory, research, and application regarding emotion is based on a set of basic emotions. But the question remains: which emotions are in that set? One proposal is to expand the classic set of six with 12 new ones, each indicated by a facial expression purported to convey that one specific emotion universally. A series of studies offered as support for this proposal relied on presenting participants with the emotion label embedded in a story and then asking them to choose among four facial expressions or none. Here we critique that response procedure (used in various studies) as confounding emotion with story. Our Study 1 (N ϭ 1,230 residents of the United States) found that the same response procedure could "show" that the facial expressions used in that previous research convey emotions other than the ones that had been proposed. Our Study 2 (N ϭ 64 in India and N ϭ 56 in China) found similar results with participants who speak non-Indo-European languages (Malayalam and Mandarin). Altogether, our results question whether the proposed set of new basic emotions is warranted, given problems in the response procedure in which an emotion is embedded in a story.
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