International conventions and resolutions on biological diversity, sustainable forest management and climate change have led in recent decades to an increasing interest in having reference values from forests undisturbed by man. An outstanding example of such an undisturbed forest is the primeval forest of Uholka-Shyrokyi Luh within the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve (Ukraine). It is approximately 9000 ha (90 km 2) in area and is thought to be the largest primeval forest of almost pure European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.).
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