Formal historic preservation is a professional and sanctioned approach to the conservation of our historically significant built cultural heritage. Postindustrial landscapes are, by definition, functionally and materially obsolete, and in many cases derelict and decaying. While they hold historical significance, these sites are often not widely perceived as valuable contributors to our heritage. Yet these landscapes persist. We argue that the material persistence of these features is the result of generally unrecognized processes of informal material conservation. In this paper, we outline a new framework, vernacular preservation, an ontology for heritage professionals to use in considering how to approach and recognize nonformal interventions that result in the protection of heritage resources. Here, we use the postindustrial landscape of Michigan's Keweenaw Peninsula-a former copper-mining district-to illustrate how vernacular preservation differs from formal historic preservation, reviewing the process of vernacular preservation and how it is activated in practice. Vernacular preservation constitutes perhaps the most traditional, common, and widespread mechanism of material conservation of the historical built environment yet has been largely invisible, little discussed, and undertheorized by the heritage preservation community. Understanding this preservation process begins by acknowledging its existence and by extending the heritage dialogue to include these underrepresented historical properties and their important role in defining postindustrial landscapes. We conclude the paper with a discussion on how this novel approach to thinking about preservation extends broadly to the field and should be given greater attention. Contemporary historic preservation practice in the United States follows a rigorous and bureaucratic approach to the protection of select historic resources and is ultimately reliant on the expertise of architects, historians, planners, and others. This preservation methodology, conducted by professionals working within strict regulatory parameters, ensures high minimum standards for the conservation of the built cultural heritage. This process and act of conservation is known commonly as "historic preservation." Here, we refer to historic preservation as formal historic preservation to emphasize its basis in a formal protocol, guided by policy and legislation. In this paper, we outline an alternative mechanism that similarly results in the material conservation of the historical built environment, vernacular preservation. Vernacular preservation is a pragmatically driven, locally responsive, and informal process that, despite its nonexpert and unofficial nature, contributes consequentially to the legibility and meaning of the historic landscapes. It is important to note here that it is the process of preservation that is vernacular, rather than the subjects, that is, vernacularly preserved buildings, structures, and sites are properties that have been repurposed in a manner that is inconsi...
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to create a longitudinal data-driven model of change over time in a postindustrial landscape, using the “Copper Country” of Michigan’s Upper Peninsula as a case study. The models resulting from this project will support the heritage management and public education goals of the contemporary communities and Keweenaw National Historical Park that administer this nationally significant mining region through accessible, engaging, and interpretable digital heritage. Design/methodology/approach The paper applies Esri’s CityEngine procedural modeling software to an existing historical big data set. The Copper Country Historical Spatial Data Infrastructure, previously created by the HESA lab, contains over 120,000 spatiotemporally specific building footprints and other built environment variables. This project constructed a pair of 3D digital landscapes comparing the built environments of 1917 and 1949, reflecting the formal and functional evolution of several of the most important copper mining, milling, and smelting districts of Michigan’s Keweenaw Peninsula. Findings This research discovered that CityEngine, while intended for rapid 3D modeling of the contemporary urban landscape, was sufficiently robust and flexible to be applied to modeling serial historic industrial landscapes. While this novel application required some additional coding and finish work, by harnessing this software to existing big data sets, 48,000 individual buildings were rapidly visualized using several key variables. Originality/value This paper presents a new and useful application of an existing 3D modeling software, helping to further illuminate and inform the management and conservation of the rich heritage of this still-evolving postindustrial landscape.
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