This paper develops existing work on building design through a focus on one important yet understudied form of regulation: market standards. Market standards are agreed upon definitions of 'necessary' provision in buildings and are fundamental in 'formatting' markets and determining the value of a building in the market. The paper presents a case study of the design of 10 commercial offices in London, UK, the effects of market standards on the designs and on the potential for the development of lower energy buildings. Theoretically, the paper integrates literatures on standards, institutions and markets to argue that market standards do important 'work' in design processes that require closer scrutiny. In particular, we show that market standards are an important form of normative and cultural regulation in the field of commercial office design; format and act as calculative devices in property markets and result in forms of knowledge diminution that break the relationship between building design and occupiers' practices. Together, these effects result in particular designs being legitimised and valued, and lower energy designs being delegitimised, devalued and pushed to the periphery of the attention of commercial office designers.
Amsterdam, self-sustainable neighbourhood 146 anaerobic digestion (AD) 123, 128 ARCC (Adaptation and Resilience in the Context of Change) 34, 35 architectural, engineering and construction (AEC) firms 313-15, 321 architectural design 137, 138-9, 141-5 see also sustainable design Architecture of the Well-Tempered Environment (Banham) 142 artificial intelligence (AI) 241 Arup 139, 257 aspirational approaches 357 asset management 3, 243 Association of British Insurers 62 ATT (advanced thermal treatment) 132
The housing stock in England is ageing. Furthermore, the long-term trend in house building indicates that the existing stock of housing is not being replaced within its design life. New houses are required largely to satisfy new demand in the form of increasing household formation. A key conclusion is that existing -and new -houses will have to last for many hundreds of years. The ownership of housing in England has changed significantly in recent years. The responsibility for maintaining and replacing the housing stock is increasingly in the hands of individual owner-occupiers who have little incentive or opportunity to replace it. The paper discusses some of the implications of these trends for those who design and construct new housing and for public policy makers. The paper concludes that further research is needed to explore the implications for construction, in particular, of the need to maintain and build housing which must last far longer than is usually envisaged.
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